{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:42:09Z","timestamp":1779252129095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IEC"},{"name":"FIOCRUZ"},{"name":"IAL"},{"name":"IBMP"},{"name":"CGLab"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006506","name":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CNPq PROEP\/IOC 441653\/2024-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq PROEP\/IOC 441653\/2024-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ","award":["Processo SEI 260003\/000530\/2023\u2014Ref. Proc. No. 200.171\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Processo SEI 260003\/000530\/2023\u2014Ref. Proc. No. 200.171\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of illness and death in children under five, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and rotavirus A (RVA) and norovirus are the leading viral agents. The present study aimed to describe the development of a commercial multiplex TaqMan-based RT-qPCR assay to detect those viruses to enhance surveillance and public health responses in Brazil. The assay validation involved optimizing primers and probes for multiplex RT-qPCR, assessing analytical sensitivity, and confirming specificity. A multicenter pilot study across Brazil\u2019s AGE surveillance network assessed the assay\u2019s performance. The IBMP NAT assay demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for detecting RVA and norovirus GI and GII. No cross-reactivity was observed. LoD95 values were low: 18.6 (GI), 71.2 (GII), and 12.3 (RVA) copies\/reaction. In 379 clinical samples, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity exceeded 96% for all targets. The assay showed strong reproducibility across operators and instruments. Stability tests confirmed consistent performance under freeze\u2013thaw, transport, and storage conditions. Compared to in-house RT-qPCR, the IBMP NAT test yielded lower Ct values, indicating improved detection of low viral loads. The IBMP NAT Kit significantly advances molecular diagnostics, enabling rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection of RVA and norovirus in fecal specimens. It strengthens public health surveillance and supports timely responses to AGE outbreaks, helping reduce disease burden in vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Validation of a Commercial TaqMan-Based RT-qPCR Kit for Rotavirus and Norovirus Detection in the Brazilian Acute Diarrhea Surveillance Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Geison","family":"Cambri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute of Paran\u00e1 (IBMP), Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1348-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Jacomasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute of Paran\u00e1 (IBMP), Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Marcicano","family":"Burlandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology (LVCA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9980-185X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Correia","family":"Malta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology (LVCA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5412-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Madi","family":"Fialho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology (LVCA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1642-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Cilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory (LDE), Virology Center (CV), Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL), Av. Dr Arnaldo, 355, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Guadagnucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory (LDE), Virology Center (CV), Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL), Av. Dr Arnaldo, 355, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dielle Monteiro","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses (LVG), Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health Surveillance and Environment, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0209-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Santos","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses (LVG), Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health Surveillance and Environment, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo Reis","family":"Resque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses (LVG), Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health Surveillance and Environment, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia Helena","family":"Berto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories (CGLab), Ministry of Health, Federal District, Bras\u00edlia 70058-900, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Afornali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute of Paran\u00e1 (IBMP), Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabricio Klerynton","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute of Paran\u00e1 (IBMP), Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4804-0429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Nastassja","family":"Riediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute of Paran\u00e1 (IBMP), Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9509-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana Silva","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses (LVG), Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health Surveillance and Environment, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9174-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Compagnoli","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory (LDE), Virology Center (CV), Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL), Av. Dr Arnaldo, 355, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9654-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulio Machado","family":"Fumian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology (LVCA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30362-1","article-title":"Estimates of the Global, Regional, and National Morbidity, Mortality, and Aetiologies of Diarrhoea in 195 Countries: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Troeger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61798-0","article-title":"Diarrhoea: Why Children Are Still Dying and What Can Be Done","volume":"375","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009548","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009548","article-title":"Aetiology and Incidence of Diarrhoea Requiring Hospitalisation in Children under 5 Years of Age in 28 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Global Pediatric Diarrhea Surveillance Network","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.03.006","article-title":"The Burden and Etiology of Diarrheal Illness in Developing Countries","volume":"64","author":"Kotloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix294","article-title":"Etiology of Severe Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children in the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"216","author":"Operario","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30349-8","article-title":"Use of Quantitative Molecular Diagnostic Methods to Assess the Aetiology, Burden, and Clinical Characteristics of Diarrhoea in Children in Low-Resource Settings: A Reanalysis of the MAL-ED Cohort Study","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03709-23","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03709-23","article-title":"Emergence and Dissemination of Equine-like G3P[8] Rotavirus A in Brazil between 2015 and 2021","volume":"12","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.076","article-title":"Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Vaccination","volume":"136","author":"Greenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02257-07","article-title":"Full Genome-Based Classification of Rotaviruses Reveals a Common Origin between Human Wa-Like and Porcine Rotavirus Strains and Human DS-1-Like and Bovine Rotavirus Strains","volume":"82","author":"Matthijnssens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001318","article-title":"Updated Classification of Norovirus Genogroups and Genotypes","volume":"100","author":"Chhabra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.11.011","article-title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Noroviruses Associated with Acute Sporadic Gastroenteritis in Children: Global Distribution of Genogroups, Genotypes and GII.4 Variants","volume":"56","author":"Trainor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1086\/605127","article-title":"Norovirus Illness Is a Global Problem: Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001\u20132007","volume":"200","author":"Siebenga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1206589","article-title":"Norovirus and Medically Attended Gastroenteritis in U.S. Children","volume":"368","author":"Payne","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bucardo, F., Reyes, Y., Svensson, L., and Nordgren, J. (2014). Predominance of Norovirus and Sapovirus in Nicaragua after Implementation of Universal Rotavirus Vaccination. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098201"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-1945-3","article-title":"Major Reduction of Rotavirus, but Not Norovirus, Gastroenteritis in Children Seen in Hospital after the Introduction of RotaTeq Vaccine into the National Immunization Programme in Finland","volume":"172","author":"Hemming","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartsch, S.M., Lopman, B.A., Ozawa, S., Hall, A.J., and Lee, B.Y. (2016). Global Economic Burden of Norovirus Gastroenteritis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151219"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa391","article-title":"Attribution of Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Episodes and Emergency Department Visits to Norovirus Genogroups I and II","volume":"223","author":"Tarr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.08.004","article-title":"One-Step Quantitative RT-PCR for the Detection of Rotavirus in Acute Gastroenteritis","volume":"153","author":"Zeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-010-9049-y","article-title":"Detection of GI and GII Noroviruses in Ground Water Using Ultrafiltration and TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR","volume":"2","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Environ. Virol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1548-1557.2003","article-title":"Broadly Reactive and Highly Sensitive Assay for Norwalk-Like Viruses Based on Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR","volume":"41","author":"Kageyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"36","article-title":"Assessing Shelf Life Using Real-Time and Accelerated Stability Tests","volume":"16","author":"Magari","year":"2003","journal-title":"BioPharm Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.3.398","article-title":"Determination of Product Shelf Life and Activation Energy for Five Drugs of Abuse","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landis, J.R., and Koch, G.G. (1977). The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics., 33.","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f","article-title":"Real-World Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination","volume":"30","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix494","article-title":"Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction and Postintroduction Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospital Admission in Haydom, Tanzania, a Rural African Setting","volume":"65","author":"Amour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30262-X","article-title":"Real-World Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccines, 2006\u20132019: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Burnett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varghese, T., Alokit Khakha, S., Giri, S., Nair, N.P., Badur, M., Gathwala, G., Chaudhury, S., Kaushik, S., Dash, M., and Mohakud, N.K. (2021). Rotavirus Strain Distribution before and after Introducing Rotavirus Vaccine in India. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040416"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00691-1","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Age-Sex-Specific Burden of Diarrhoeal Diseases, Their Risk Factors, and Aetiologies, 1990\u20132021, for 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"25","author":"Kyu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0348","article-title":"Effect of Non-Rotavirus Enteric Infections on Vaccine Efficacy in a ROTASIIL Clinical Trial","volume":"110","author":"Abraham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy896","article-title":"Diarrheal Etiology and Impact of Coinfections on Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Estimates in a Clinical Trial of a Monovalent Human\u2013Bovine (116E) Oral Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotavac, India","volume":"69","author":"Praharaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(98)00013-4","article-title":"Rotaviruses Detected by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction in Acute Gastroenteritis during a Trial of Rhesus-Human Reassortant Rotavirus Tetravalent Vaccine: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Pang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20009","article-title":"Increased Detection of Rotavirus Using a Real Time Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Assay in Stool Specimens from Children with Diarrhea","volume":"72","author":"Pang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reym\u00e3o, T.K.A., Fumian, T.M., Justino, M.C.A., Hernandez, J.M., Bandeira, R.S., Lucena, M.S.S., Teixeira, D.M., Farias, F.P., Silva, L.D., and Linhares, A.C. (2018). Norovirus RNA in Serum Associated with Increased Fecal Viral Load in Children: Detection, Quantification and Molecular Analysis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199763"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.024","article-title":"Noroviruses Associated with Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis in the State of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, 2004\u20132011","volume":"61","author":"Rocha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarmento, S.K., De Andrade, J.D.S.R., Malta, F.C., Fialho, A.M., Mello, M.D.S., Burlandy, F.M., and Fumian, T.M. (2023). Norovirus Epidemiology and Genotype Circulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2019\u20132022. Pathogens, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13010003"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-012-9085-x","article-title":"Rapid Detection of Norovirus in Naturally Contaminated Food: Foodborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak on a Cruise Ship in Brazil, 2010","volume":"4","author":"Morillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Environ. Virol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-017-9326-0","article-title":"Norovirus GII.17 Associated with a Foodborne Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak in Brazil, 2016","volume":"10","author":"Fumian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Environ. Virol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-016-9272-2","article-title":"Norovirus GII.Pe Genotype: Tracking a Foodborne Outbreak on a Cruise Ship Through Molecular Epidemiology, Brazil, 2014","volume":"9","author":"Morillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Environ. Virol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-021-09495-9","article-title":"Norovirus Foodborne Outbreak Associated With the Consumption of Ice Pop, Southern Brazil, 2020","volume":"13","author":"Fumian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Environ. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1963169","article-title":"Nosocomial Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by an Equine-like G3P[8] DS-1-like Rotavirus and GII.4 Sydney[P16] Norovirus at a Pediatric Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2019","volume":"17","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29205","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29205","article-title":"Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak Associated with Multiple and Rare Norovirus Genotypes after Storm Events in Santa Catarina, Brazil","volume":"95","author":"Fumian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250085","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760250085","article-title":"Foodborne Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak Associated with a Rare Norovirus Recombinant GII.10[P16] Genotype, Brazil, 2023","volume":"120","author":"Burlandy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/12\/1559\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T05:28:04Z","timestamp":1764653284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/17\/12\/1559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["v17121559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17121559","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]}}}