{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:43:37Z","timestamp":1790934217443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6332-304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6332-304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, with a particularly high burden among children under five years of age. We analyzed nationwide surveillance data from EnterNet-Korea collected between 2019 and 2024\u2014covering both the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods\u2014to assess norovirus detection rates and genotype distribution. Noroviruses were detected by RT-qPCR, and dual genotyping of capsid (G) and polymerase (P) types was performed by sequencing the ORF1\u20132 junction region. Among the 67,159 specimens tested, 8.4% (n = 5652) were norovirus-positive, with the highest prevalence observed in children aged 0\u20135 years (19.9%). In this age group, genotyping was successful in 72.4% (2633\/3635) of positive cases, identifying 30 distinct genotypes (GI: 9; GII: 21). The most common strains were GII.4[P31] (38.1%), GII.4[P16] (27.1%), and GII.2[P16] (10.4%), with substantial year-to-year variation. Notably, the emergence of GII.17[P17] in late 2024 indicates shifting genotype dynamics, underscoring the need for strengthened surveillance and reconsideration of vaccine strain selection. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide dual-typing study in Korea encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic era. These findings provide essential baseline data for integration into global surveillance systems and inform future vaccine development and public health strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trends in Norovirus Genotypes in South Korea, 2019\u20132024: Insights from Nationwide Dual Typing Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3466-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minji","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Department of Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Rye","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Department of Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4017-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhee","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Department of Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4481-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deog-Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Department of Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3543-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung-Guk","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Department of Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3316-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Whan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, Department of Diagnosis and Analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"870","article-title":"A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development","volume":"7","author":"Carlson","year":"2016","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e94","article-title":"Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta-analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020","volume":"3","author":"Farahmand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. 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