{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:13:44Z","timestamp":1773098024212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009465","name":"CORFO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18ITE1-102979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18ITE1-102979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FONDEF-ANID","award":["IT23I0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT23I0044"]}]},{"name":"ANID National Doctoral Scholarship","award":["21192264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21192264"]}]},{"name":"Industry Thesis Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV-1) is an emerging viral pathogen in salmon aquaculture that causes Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI), with high prevalence in salmon-producing countries such as Chile. A significant obstacle in PRV-1 vaccine development is the inability to culture the virus in vitro, which limits the scalability and production of traditional inactivated or DNA-based vaccine strategies. This study describes the development of a novel virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine against PRV-1. Recombinant VLP were produced by co-expressing the six structural proteins of PRV-1 (\u03bb1, \u03bb2, \u03bc1, \u03c31, \u03c32, \u03c33) using a baculovirus-based expression system in insect cells. In addition, to enable differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies, the \u03c31 protein was modified by adding of a cmyc epitope tag. The results demonstrated that the native VLP vaccine (VLP6n) significantly reduced viral loads in Atlantic salmon challenged with PRV-1. Moreover, in rainbow trout, the cmyc-tagged VLP-like vaccine (VLP6c) elicited a specific antibody response against the cmyc epitope, allowing differentiation between vaccinated and naturally infected fish. Overall, this VLP-based vaccine platform represents a promising strategy for controlling PRV-1 prevalence in salmon-producing counties, supporting the implementation of serological surveillance programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:39:43Z","timestamp":1764679183000},"page":"1578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a Novel Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Against PRV-1 Suitable for DIVA Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Galleguillos-Becerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8247-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesseny","family":"V\u00e1squez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulema","family":"Ya\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Cancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Veterquimica SA, Santiago 9200000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Veterquimica SA, Santiago 9200000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Cortez-San Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02451","article-title":"Quantification of Piscine Reovirus (PRV) at Different Stages of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Production","volume":"99","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. 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