{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:23:18Z","timestamp":1765549398932,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Support Fund of the Turkish Thoracic Society","award":["Y-2022-196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-2022-196"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the long-term transcriptomic reprogramming in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of severe COVID-19 patients and its effects for cancer development. RNA sequencing was conducted on PBMCs obtained from healthy controls, COVID-19 patients without pneumonia, and COVID-19 patients exhibiting severe pneumonia one year post-infection. Differential gene expression analysis identified a sustained pro-oncogenic molecular signature, especially among severe COVID-19 patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a substantial enrichment of cancer-associated pathways, encompassing apoptosis, viral carcinogenesis, and transcriptional dysregulation. Notably, the autophagy-related gene SQSTM1\/P62 was recognized as a distinctive hub gene within the severe COVID-19 patients, interacting with pivotal genes associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer advancement. Survival analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of COVID-19-associated hub genes correlated with unfavorable prognosis in various cancer types, including adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, and brain lower-grade glioma. These findings indicate that severe COVID-19 infection may establish a systemic milieu favorable to cancer development or recurrence, highlighting the necessity of prolonged oncological monitoring in these patients. Finding specific molecular targets and pathways can help us understand how COVID-19 might be linked to a higher risk of cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:04:40Z","timestamp":1765548280000},"page":"1608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Transcriptomic Reprogramming in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Severe COVID-19 Survivors Reveals Pro-Oncogenic Signatures and Cancer-Associated Hub Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4428-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pelin","family":"Duru Cetinkaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01790, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9107-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgecan","family":"Kayalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana 01790, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahap","family":"Eldem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serap","family":"Argun Baris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2889-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurdan","family":"Kokturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selim Can","family":"Kuralay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School 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