{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T05:20:45Z","timestamp":1766726445477,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Farmed mink are frequently exposed to circulating influenza A viruses (IAVs), as confirmed by viral isolation and serological evidence. Previous work reveals that na\u00efve mink serve as susceptible hosts for both avian and human influenza strains, highlighting their potential role in influenza ecology. In this study, we investigated whether farmed mink naturally pre-exposed to H9 retain the capacity to serve as \u201cmixing vessels\u201d for reassorting human and avian IAVs. Our results demonstrate that they remain fully susceptible and permissive to infection by both avian H6N6 and human H1N1 influenza strains. Notably, efficient transmission of these viruses occurred among farmed mink, confirming their potential to sustain viral exchange. These findings indicate that farmed mink represent highly permissive hosts capable of facilitating reassortment between circulating human and avian IAVs. Given this risk, current mink farming practices may substantially increase the likelihood of a pandemic emergence. We therefore urge immediate revision, stringent enhancement, and rigorous enforcement of biosecurity protocols and active surveillance systems in fur farming operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T03:06:02Z","timestamp":1766718362000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Replication and Transmission of Influenza A Virus in Farmed Mink"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Guojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"},{"name":"Gansu Polytechnic College of Animal Husbandry & Engineering, Wuwei 733014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4580-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.05.009","article-title":"Influenza virus evolution, host adaptation, and pandemic formation","volume":"7","author":"Taubenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155072","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2155072","article-title":"Alarming situation of emerging H5 and H7 avian influenza and effective control strategies","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg. 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