{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:40:56Z","timestamp":1791330056953,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Federation Government Directive","award":["962-p"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["962-p"]}]},{"name":"State Research and Development Program #6-21 State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVECTOR\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Against the backdrop of active efforts to combat HCV worldwide with the help of DAAs, knowledge of the genetic diversity of HCV in the general population and in groups most at risk of infection is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular genetic diversity of HCV among individuals with HIV in Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and the Krasnoyarsk Krai region of Russia. The study included residents of Armenia (n = 73), Kyrgyzstan (n = 180) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory (n = 141) with HIV\/HCV co-infection who were under observation at AIDS centers in these countries, collected between 2021 and 2023. The Core\/E1 gene fragments obtained were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method to create a phylogenetic tree. HCV subtype 3a was dominant in Armenia (56.2%) and Kyrgyzstan (51.4%). The circulation of HCV subtype 4a was detected for the first time in Armenia, while the spread of HCV genotype 2, represented by three different subtypes, was documented in Kyrgyzstan. The genetic diversity of HCV in Krasnoyarsk Krai is consistent with the findings of previous Russian studies. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the formation of HCV clusters with a high level of bootstrap support, suggesting shared transmission routes, predominantly among PWID. This suggests that there are common routes of HCV transmission between and within countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T11:43:31Z","timestamp":1766403811000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis C Virus Among Patients with HIV in EECA Countries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0465-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliy E.","family":"Ekushov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1765-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksim R.","family":"Halikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina P.","family":"Osipova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7418-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexei V.","family":"Totmenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5896-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila G.","family":"Gotfrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4162-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vardan G.","family":"Arzakanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siranush V.","family":"Martoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0392-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine V.","family":"Lalayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9835-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara V.","family":"Hovsepyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2127-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilit H.","family":"Petrosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4610-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan G.","family":"Muradyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3316-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermine M.","family":"Hovakimyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Yerevan 0041, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aibek A.","family":"Bekbolotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmira B.","family":"Narmatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida S.","family":"Karagulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunduz T.","family":"Momushova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikanysh K.","family":"Djusupbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baarinisa M.","family":"Iskanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida K.","family":"Mamirbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republican Center for Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV Control, Bishkek 720017, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulukbek T.","family":"Motorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osh Regional Center of AIDS Treatment and Prevention, Osh 723500, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7258-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitalla-Victoria V.","family":"Minikhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, 660017 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3265-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey E.","family":"Skudarnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of 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Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Advice, E.S. 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