{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:27:08Z","timestamp":1792092428026,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015976","name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015976","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the first human retrovirus identified, is linked to adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis. However, its post-transcriptional regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we used Oxford Nanopore direct RNA sequencing to profile the HTLV-1 transcriptome and epitranscriptome in MT2 cells. We identified 23 transcript isoforms, encompassing canonical and novel splice variants. Polyadenylation analysis revealed a predominant poly(A) tail length of around 50\u2013100 nucleotides with transcript-specific variations. Distinct RNA modifications, including pseudouridine, N6-methyladenosine, and 5-methylcytidine, were enriched near the 3\u2032 end and varied among transcript classes, with generally lower modification ratios in viral transcripts. These findings provide a more comprehensive map of HTLV-1 RNA splicing, polyadenylation, and modifications in MT2 cells, offering new insights into viral gene regulation and pathogenic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1767198863000},"page":"57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transcriptomic and Epitranscriptomic Landscape of Integrated HTLV-1 in MT2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shuanglong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8152-6454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bohan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3721-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Lyu, C., Xu, S., Tan, C., Jiang, Q., Liu, B., Yang, S., Huang, W., Zhou, R., and Yuan, X. 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