{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:29:58Z","timestamp":1767356998641,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005375","name":"Latvian Council of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzp-2021\/1-0442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzp-2021\/1-0442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused more than seven million deaths, mostly via acute respiratory distress syndrome with microvascular thrombosis. Compared to the amount of information about pulmonary pathology, information about COVID-19-induced liver lesions is scarce, especially with regard to the long-term consequences. The aim of our study was to evaluate inflammatory, vascular and fibrotic changes in hepatobiliary tissues of patients with a history of COVID-19 (post-COVID-19 patients). Based on the Knodell score, moderate portal inflammation was observed in 41.2% of post-COVID-19 patients, contrasting with 14.3% of control cases (p = 0.06). Moderate periportal inflammation was present in 26.5% and 7.1% of patients, respectively (p = 0.08). Post-COVID-19 patients showed higher counts of CD3+ lymphocytes (p = 0.02) and lower counts of CD68+ macrophages (p = 0.04), as well as more frequent and extensive regenerative changes in hepatocytes and the biliary epithelium (p = 0.0007). We did not find significant fibrosis or pathological changes in blood vessels, and only mild steatosis was observed in both groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Liver Inflammation in Patients with a History of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilze","family":"Strumfa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1826-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila","family":"Viksna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2846-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksana","family":"Kolesova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7667-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ieva","family":"Vanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haralds","family":"Plaudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Storozenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boriss","family":"Strumfs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0049-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janis","family":"Pavulans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romans","family":"Uljanovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, October 17). 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