{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:24:16Z","timestamp":1781270656428,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing","award":["121041500041-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121041500041-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) cause a plethora of infections in humans, ranging from mild to severe neurological diseases including aseptic meningitis. NPEVs are the leading cause of aseptic meningitis in both children and adults worldwide. In Russia, reports of NPEV infections have surged, especially in the post-COVID era starting in 2022, with elevated infection rates into 2023. A comprehensive examination of the whole genome is crucial for understanding the evolution of NPEV genes and for predicting potential outbreaks. This study focused on identifying the circulating NPEV strains in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia, using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies. Biological samples were collected from (n = 225) patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. Bioinformatics analysis targeted the nucleotide sequences of the major capsid protein (partial VP1) gene fragment, and the assembly of whole NPEV genomes. A total of 159 NPEVs were characterized, representing 70.7% of the collected samples. The main capsid variants forming the predominant genotypic profile included E30 (n = 39, 24.3%), E6 (n = 31, 19.3%), and CVA9 (n = 25, 15.6%). Using NGS, we successfully assembled 13 whole genomes for E6, E30, EV-B80, CVA9, CVB5, E11, and EV-A71 and 3 partial genomes for E6 and EV-B87. This molecular-genetic analysis provides contemporary insights into the genotypic composition, circulation patterns, and evolutionary dynamics of the dominant NPEV associated with aseptic meningitis in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia. The laboratory-based monitoring and epidemiological surveillance for genetic changes and evolutionary studies are important for improving prevention and healthcare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T14:46:33Z","timestamp":1768574793000},"page":"121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic Diversity of the Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Samples of Patients with Aseptic Meningitis in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2113-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Itani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5823-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladislav I.","family":"Chalapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia K.","family":"Patrusheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy S.","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr V.","family":"Semenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, \u00abFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections \u00abVirome\u00bb\u00bb, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620109, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.10.016","article-title":"Picornavirus and Enterovirus Diversity with Associated Human Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Tapparel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-00973-1","article-title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroviruses and Predominance of Echovirus 30 in an Iranian Population with Aseptic Meningitis","volume":"27","author":"Farshadpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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