{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1769285416859,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lamivudine\/dolutegravir (3TC\/DTG) is an effective and well-tolerated antiretroviral regimen for most people with HIV (PWH) who are virologically suppressed; however, specific clinical characteristics, such as prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure or archived resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), may influence the risk of virological failure (VF). We conducted a retrospective, monocentric cohort study to evaluate the incidence and predictors of VF among PWH who switched to 3TC\/DTG after achieving virological suppression (HIV-RNA &lt; 50 copies\/mL). A total of 188 PWH were included. Over 5082 patient-years of follow-up (PYFU), 8 individuals (4.3%) experienced VF, corresponding to an incidence rate of 1.45 per 1000 PYFU. The cumulative probabilities of VF at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 0.6%, 2.7%, 2.7%, 4.2%, and 22.3%, respectively. In exploratory multivariable analyses, anti-HBc positivity was associated with an increased risk of VF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.80, 95% CI 1.03\u201322.43; p = 0.046). After adjustment for age and sex, individuals with anti-HBc positivity who had switched from a tenofovir-containing regimen showed the highest risk of VF compared with anti-HBc-negative individuals without prior tenofovir exposure (aHR 15.06, 95% CI 1.40\u2013161.38; p = 0.025). Given the limited number of virological events, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, they suggest that prior HBV exposure, particularly in the context of tenofovir discontinuation, may represent a clinically relevant factor when considering simplification to 3TC\/DTG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1769164894000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Prior HBV Infection on the Efficacy of 3TC\/DTG as a Maintenance Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8792-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Matucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Occhineri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Palomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Linda","family":"Vatteroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0830-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Del Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Polidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Iapoce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7910-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Borghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, December 04). 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