{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T15:10:23Z","timestamp":1769181023736,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim of the study: To investigate the detection rate of respiratory viruses identified by multiplex real-time PCR (MPL real-time PCR) in respiratory specimens collected from hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) over a five-year period (2020\u20132024), and to emphasize the importance of MPL real-time PCR testing in identifying respiratory viruses responsible for severe lower respiratory tract infections requiring hospitalization. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed 15,936 respiratory specimens collected from hospitalized patients between 2020 and 2024. Seventeen respiratory viruses were detected using MPL real-time PCR. Statistical comparisons were performed using the chi-square test. Results and Discussion: The overall respiratory virus detection rate was 31.88% and was significantly higher in children than in adults (52.98% vs. 18.10%). The most frequently detected viruses were rhinovirus, influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus type 3, while influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 predominated in adults. During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, SARS-CoV-2 accounted for 78.92% of detected viruses, accompanied by marked suppression of other respiratory pathogens. Measles virus re-emerged in 2024, predominantly affecting children (17.65%). Most Respiratory virus-positive cases (82.8%) involved single-agent infections. Conclusions: Hospitalized acute LRTI cases often lack distinctive clinical signs to identify viral pathogens. MPL real-time PCR provides simultaneous multi-virus detection, enabling accurate etiological diagnosis and strengthening hospital-based viral surveillance, particularly in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18020153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:55:34Z","timestamp":1769176534000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unmasking Viral Causes of Hospitalized Respiratory Infection: Five Years of Respiratory Virus Surveillance in Vietnam by Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Huong T.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-3292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van H.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duy K.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nhu H. T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5092-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thao H. T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anh H.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quang D.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Research and Development Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc V.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ho Chi Minh City Respiratory Society, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5447-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nhung V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanh V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Lung Association, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dung N. T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ho Chi Minh City Medical Association, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien D.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Son T.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Health, Westmead 2145, Australia"},{"name":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, North Sydney 2060, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007925","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00079-25","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of six common respiratory pathogen infections in children","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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