{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:15:07Z","timestamp":1769793307781,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025520","name":"MRFF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MRFCTI000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRFCTI000008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Brazil Family Foundation"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia","award":["APP1173880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1173880"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia","award":["APP2041411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2041411"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2022, Australia saw an unprecedented outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype IV (JEV GIV). The outbreak involved 42 human cases with 7 fatalities, as well as affecting &gt;80 pig farms in New South Wales and Queensland. Herein, we designed, constructed, and tested two JEV GIV mRNA vaccines encoding prME, which provided protection against a lethal JEV GIV challenge in an Ifnar-\/- mouse model. The vaccines were not codon optimized and included either the Native (full-length) or a Shorter signal peptide, with the latter missing the N-terminal n-region. Two vaccinations with 5 \u00b5g of the Shorter vaccine provided neutralizing antibody responses that were significantly lower but overlapped with those seen after vaccination with Imojev, a live attenuated vaccine approved for use in humans. Both mRNA vaccines provided approximately a five to six log reduction in viremia, \u226580% protection against overt disease and weight loss, and mortality. The paper illustrates in-country mRNA vaccine generation in response to a local outbreak, with JEV mRNA vaccines potentially emerging to be easier to manufacture, cheaper, and more suitable for immunocompromised individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18020171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1769612686000},"page":"171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["mRNA Vaccine Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype IV Protects Against Lethal Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6685-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail L.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Inflammation Department, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Inflammation Department, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9080-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Wales-Earl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicine Biofoundry, Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Inflammation Department, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Inflammation Department, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern RNA Pty Ltd., 16 Nexus Way, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Khromykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"GVN Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4029 and 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Trop\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern RNA Pty Ltd., 16 Nexus Way, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel A. J.","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicine Biofoundry, Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Suhrbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Inflammation Department, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"GVN Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4029 and 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Rawle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Inflammation Department, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"GVN Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4029 and 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01016-6","article-title":"Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"24","author":"Rawle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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