{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:57:45Z","timestamp":1772517465757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI142764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI142764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UC7AI094660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC7AI094660"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cedar virus (CedV), related to the highly pathogenic bat-borne henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), is non-pathogenic in small animal models, likely due to the inability to produce interferon-antagonist proteins. We evaluated the pathogenesis of recombinant CedV (rCedV) in the African green monkey (AGM) model and determined if prior infection conferred cross-protective immunity against a lethal challenge with NiV Bangladesh (NiV-B) or HeV. AGMs infected with rCedV remained asymptomatic, with no clinical signs of disease or detectable viremia. The rCedV infected animals developed homologous neutralizing antibody responses that failed to cross-neutralize NiV-B or HeV. At 42 days post-rCedV infection, AGMs were challenged with a lethal dose of NiV-B or HeV, and prior infection with rCedV failed to protect against NiV-B challenge, with all animals succumbing to NiV-B. Similarly, rCedV infection did not confer consistent protection against HeV, with 2\/4 animals succumbing to lethal HeV. These findings confirm that CedV is non-pathogenic in the AGM model of NiV and HeV infection, justifying its classification as a BSL-2 agent. The findings also demonstrate that rCedV does not elicit a cross-protective immune response to prevent lethal disease from either NiV-B or HeV highlighting significant immunological differences between CedV and the pathogenic henipaviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18030292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:55:01Z","timestamp":1772463301000},"page":"292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Recombinant Cedar Virus Infection and Cross-Protection Against Related Henipaviruses in African Green Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-6144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan D.","family":"Pigeaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moushimi","family":"Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktoriya","family":"Borisevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla A.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7319-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystle N.","family":"Agans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney","family":"Woolsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-6701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony S.","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek N.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie S.","family":"Dobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Deer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan B.","family":"Geisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Broder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Geisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Henipaviruses","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Knipe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fields Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Queensland Government (2025, December 20). Summary of Hendra Virus Incidents in Horses, Available online: https:\/\/www.business.qld.gov.au\/industries\/service-industries-professionals\/service-industries\/veterinary-surgeons\/guidelines-hendra\/incident-summary."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0101.950107","article-title":"A novel morbillivirus pneumonia of horses and its transmission to humans","volume":"1","author":"Murray","year":"1995","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126050.x","article-title":"Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus [see comments]","volume":"162","author":"Selvey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sing, A. (2014). A Review of Hendra Virus and Nipah Virus Infections in Man and Other Animals. Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9457-2"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2803.211245","article-title":"Novel Hendra Virus Variant Detected by Sentinel Surveillance of Horses in Australia","volume":"28","author":"Annand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01652-7","article-title":"A new Hendra virus genotype found in Australian flying foxes","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2022.100423","article-title":"Novel variant Hendra virus genotype 2 infection in a horse in the greater Newcastle region, New South Wales, Australia","volume":"15","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04299-3","article-title":"Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia","volume":"354","author":"Chua","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1110.050513","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Nipah virus, Bangladesh, 2004","volume":"11","author":"Harcourt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040701","article-title":"Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Hsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy612","article-title":"Outbreak investigation of Nipah Virus Disease in Kerala, India, 2018","volume":"219","author":"Arunkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2102.141433","article-title":"Outbreak of henipavirus infection, Philippines, 2014","volume":"21","author":"Ching","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsh, G.A., de Jong, C., Barr, J.A., Tachedjian, M., Smith, C., Middleton, D., Yu, M., Todd, S., Foord, A.J., and Haring, V. (2012). Cedar virus: A novel Henipavirus isolated from Australian bats. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002836"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Kim, K., Kim, J., No, J.S., Park, K., Budhathoki, S., Lee, S.H., Lee, J., Cho, S.H., and Cho, S. (2021). Discovery and Genetic Characterization of Novel Paramyxoviruses Related to the Genus Henipavirus in Crocidura Species in the Republic of Korea. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102020"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202705","article-title":"A Zoonotic Henipavirus in Febrile Patients in China","volume":"387","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3109.250470","article-title":"Novel Henipavirus, Salt Gully Virus, Isolated from Pteropid Bats, Australia","volume":"31","author":"Barr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drexler, J.F., Corman, V.M., Gloza-Rausch, F., Seebens, A., Annan, A., Ipsen, A., Kruppa, T., Muller, M.A., Kalko, E.K., and Adu-Sarkodie, Y. (2009). Henipavirus RNA in African bats. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006367"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.131022","article-title":"Novel Henipa-like virus, Mojiang Paramyxovirus, in rats, China, 2012","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0092122","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00921-22","article-title":"Discovery and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Henipavirus, Angavokely Virus, from Fruit Bats in Madagascar","volume":"96","author":"Madera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"veac061","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veac061","article-title":"The characterization of multiple novel paramyxoviruses highlights the diverse nature of the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae","volume":"8","author":"Vanmechelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vead065","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vead065","article-title":"Discovery and genome characterization of six new orthoparamyxoviruses in small Belgian mammals","volume":"9","author":"Horemans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2501.180267","article-title":"Isolation and Full-Genome Characterization of Nipah Viruses from Bats, Bangladesh","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01522-2","article-title":"Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes","volume":"4","author":"Chua","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0567","article-title":"Pteropid bats are confirmed as the reservoir hosts of henipaviruses: A comprehensive experimental study of virus transmission","volume":"85","author":"Halpin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"105","article-title":"Henipaviruses in their natural animal hosts","volume":"359","author":"Middleton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edson, D., Field, H., McMichael, L., Vidgen, M., Goldspink, L., Broos, A., Melville, D., Kristoffersen, J., de Jong, C., and McLaughlin, A. (2015). Routes of Hendra Virus Excretion in Naturally-Infected Flying-Foxes: Implications for Viral Transmission and Spillover Risk. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140670"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.02.004","article-title":"Hendra virus ecology and transmission","volume":"16","author":"Field","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"301","article-title":"Risk factors for Nipah virus transmission, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia: Results from a hospital-based case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Amal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Southeast. Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1086\/315457","article-title":"Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998\u20131999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia","volume":"181","author":"Parashar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-010-0366-2","article-title":"Use of infrared camera to understand bats\u2019 access to date palm sap: Implications for preventing Nipah virus transmission","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060732","article-title":"Foodborne transmission of Nipah virus, Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Luby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0656","article-title":"Date palm sap linked to Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh, 2008","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.051247","article-title":"Nipah virus-associated encephalitis outbreak, Siliguri, India","volume":"12","author":"Chadha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.061128","article-title":"Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community","volume":"13","author":"Gurley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000695","article-title":"Nipah virus outbreak with person-to-person transmission in a district of Bangladesh, 2007","volume":"138","author":"Homaira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1086\/647951","article-title":"Transmission of human infection with Nipah virus","volume":"49","author":"Luby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.120971","article-title":"Nipah virus infection outbreak with nosocomial and corpse-to-human transmission, Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"Sazzad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10652","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504887102","article-title":"Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for Hendra virus and Nipah virus","volume":"102","author":"Bonaparte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03838","article-title":"EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus","volume":"436","author":"Negrete","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negrete, O.A., Wolf, M.C., Aguilar, H.C., Enterlein, S., Wang, W., Muhlberger, E., Su, S.V., Bertolotti-Ciarlet, A., Flick, R., and Lee, B. (2006). Two key residues in ephrinB3 are critical for its use as an alternative receptor for Nipah virus. PLoS Pathog., 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020007"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5893","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02022-06","article-title":"Identification of Hendra virus G glycoprotein residues that are critical for receptor binding","volume":"81","author":"Bishop","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20707","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911773116","article-title":"Structural and functional analyses reveal promiscuous and species specific use of ephrin receptors by Cedar virus","volume":"116","author":"Laing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schountz, T., Campbell, C., Wagner, K., Rovnak, J., Martellaro, C., DeBuysscher, B.L., Feldmann, H., and Prescott, J. (2019). Differential Innate Immune Responses Elicited by Nipah Virus and Cedar Virus Correlate with Disparate In Vivo Pathogenesis in Hamsters. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030291"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huaman, C., Clouse, C., Rader, M., Yan, L., Bai, S., Gunn, B.M., Amaya, M., Laing, E.D., Broder, C.C., and Schaefer, B.C. (2024). An in vivo BSL-2 model for henipavirus infection based on bioluminescence imaging of recombinant Cedar virus replication in mice. Front. Chem. Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchbi.2024.1363498"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113571","article-title":"A recombinant Cedar virus preclinical model that recapitulates neurological features of henipavirus disease","volume":"28","author":"Huaman","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"123","article-title":"Nipah and hendra virus interactions with the innate immune system","volume":"Volume 359","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1089\/0882824041310568","article-title":"Host evasion by emerging paramyxoviruses: Hendra virus and Nipah virus v proteins inhibit interferon signaling","volume":"17","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53037-0","article-title":"Antagonism of STAT1 by Nipah virus P gene products modulates disease course but not lethal outcome in the ferret model","volume":"9","author":"Satterfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7483","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8483","article-title":"The immunomodulating V and W proteins of Nipah virus determine disease course","volume":"6","author":"Satterfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00215-16","article-title":"Nipah Virus C and W Proteins Contribute to Respiratory Disease in Ferrets","volume":"90","author":"Satterfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2020264","article-title":"Henipavirus infections: Lessons from animal models","volume":"2","author":"Dhondt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"153","article-title":"Animal Challenge Models of Henipavirus Infection and Pathogenesis","volume":"Volume 359","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12149","article-title":"Recent developments in experimental animal models of Henipavirus infection","volume":"71","author":"Rockx","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-0964-0","article-title":"Rescue and characterization of recombinant cedar virus, a non-pathogenic Henipavirus species","volume":"15","author":"Laing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30916","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30916","article-title":"Pathogenic Differences between Nipah Virus Bangladesh and Malaysia Strains in Primates: Implications for Antibody Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Mire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S471","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz515","article-title":"A Cross-Reactive Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Fusion Glycoprotein Function Protects Ferrets Against Lethal Nipah Virus and Hendra Virus Infection","volume":"221","author":"Mire","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00284-w","article-title":"A single dose investigational subunit vaccine for human use against Nipah virus and Hendra virus","volume":"6","author":"Geisbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/18\/3\/292\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:16:52Z","timestamp":1772515012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/18\/3\/292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v18030292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v18030292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]}}}