{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:36:07Z","timestamp":1792290967192,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Program","award":["NIZP PZH-PIB\/2021\/1094\/1056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIZP PZH-PIB\/2021\/1094\/1056"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Z\/00181\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z\/00181\/26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of respiratory infections across all ages. However, data on the circulation of its antigenic subgroups, RSV-A and RSV-B, remain limited in certain regions, including Poland. Therefore, this study provides the first molecular insight into the post-pandemic circulation of RSV subgroups in Poland. We analyzed 377 RSV-positive respiratory samples collected across Poland during three consecutive seasons (2022\/23, 2023\/24, and 2024\/25) using qRT-PCR to determine subgroup distribution. An equal prevalence of RSV-A and RSV-B was observed in 2022\/23, followed by RSV-A predominance in 2023\/24 and a shift to RSV-B dominance in 2024\/25. Individuals infected with RSV-A were significantly younger than those infected with RSV-B, a pattern evident in the latter two seasons but not in 2022\/23. In general, adults (\u226518 years) had higher odds of RSV-B infection (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.44\u20133.84; p = 0.006). Coinfections with both subgroups increased from 5% in 2022\/23 to approximately 15% in later seasons, and were more frequent in women. Coinfections with influenza viruses or SARS-CoV-2 were infrequent and showed no statistically significant differences between seasons. The findings of the present study highlight dynamic, region-specific RSV epidemiology and underscore the importance of sustained molecular surveillance to inform public health preparedness and guide emerging RSV immunization strategies in Poland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18030321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1772636467000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Monitoring of RSV-A and RSV-B Circulation in Poland Across Three Post-Pandemic Seasons (2022\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4144-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"\u0141uniewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Rzymski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1601-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Poniedzia\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3269-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0124-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kondratiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4116-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Czajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4724-067X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Ma\u0144kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia B.","family":"Brydak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nduaguba, S.O., Tran, P.T., Choi, Y., and Winterstein, A.G. 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