{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T10:33:42Z","timestamp":1773916422958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50DA026306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50DA026306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA031098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA031098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methamphetamine (METH) use is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and those at risk and may contribute to overall worse health outcomes. Poorer health-related problems may be mediated by METH enhancing risky decision-making among PWH. While both METH and HIV are known to have overlapping and deleterious effects on the frontostriatal neural circuitry essential for decision-making, few studies have examined their combined effects. Eighty-eight participants stratified by HIV and a history of METH use disorder completed a risky decision-making paradigm, which involved choosing among safe (20\u00a2) and risky (40\u00a2\/80\u00a2 win or loss) choices, during blood-oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess voxelwise differences in group and choice constrained to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and striatum. Despite similar choice behavior across groups, PWH and a history of METH use disorder had greater activation of the ACC and caudate than either condition alone (i.e., HIV+\/METH\u2212 and HIV\u2212\/METH+), which was similar to seronegative, non-using controls. Within the ACC in particular, these differences may have been driven by safe choices. A longer estimated duration of HIV infection was associated with greater ACC activation to risky choices for PWH regardless of METH use history. These findings suggest that PWH and a history of METH use disorder may exhibit compensatory activation of regions associated with decision-making in the context of rewards and that the effects of HIV and past METH use might not be additive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18030369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:35:57Z","timestamp":1773740157000},"page":"369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder in People with HIV Is Associated with Altered Functional Response to Risky Choice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2725-8311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Happer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0738 La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7259-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan F.","family":"Tapert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0738 La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0738 La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5525-3994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Bischoff-Grethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0738 La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-018-0189-7","article-title":"HIV prevention intervention for substance users: A review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Elkbuli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst. 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