{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T14:00:08Z","timestamp":1774015208723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB11311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB11311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chapare virus (CHAPV) is an Arenaviridae family member and causative agent of Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF). Endemic to Bolivia, CHAPV was found to be the cause of several outbreaks of CHHF in Bolivia in 2003 and 2019 with high case-fatality rates and instances of human-to-human transmission. The pathogenesis of CHAPV infection is poorly understood, and no vaccines or antivirals are available, in part due to a dearth of available animal models. Mice lacking signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1-\/-) have been shown to succumb to infection by related arenaviruses, including Machupo virus, and were investigated for their susceptibility to CHAPV infection. Challenge with CHAPV resulted in partial lethality in STAT1-\/- mice with a biphasic disease course characterized by initial viral load and pathology in the spleen and liver followed by inflammation and high viral titers in the brain and spinal cord that immediately preceded mortality. Adaptation in the brains of STAT1-\/- mice resulted in a fully lethal mouse-adapted CHAPV variant, with a similar biphasic disease course, but virus in tissues was detected more proximal to challenge. The result of this study is a lethal small-animal rodent model for CHAPV that recapitulates many aspects of human CHAPV disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18030388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:44:46Z","timestamp":1774007086000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A STAT1-Knockout Mouse Model for Chapare Virus Infection and Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5031-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Monticelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Kuehne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2086-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Batchelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Science, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1401-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zebulon","family":"Lapoint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Science, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"Cherokee Nation Integrated Health, Catoosa, OK 74015, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0234-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Science, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"Cherokee Nation Integrated Health, Catoosa, OK 74015, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Coyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Diagnostics Branch, Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo Lynne W.","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiankun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4891-447X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Stefan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Diagnostics Branch, Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operational Diagnostics Branch, Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Kugelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Science, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5256-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado, S., Erickson, B.R., Agudo, R., Blair, P.J., Vallejo, E., Albari\u00f1o, C.G., Vargas, J., Comer, J.A., Rollin, P.E., and Ksiazek, T.G. (2008). Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia. 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