{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:33:51Z","timestamp":1790818431144,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 19 pandemic disrupted pediatric respiratory infections through non-pharmaceutical interventions and altered contact patterns. Long-term comparisons across the pandemic timeline in children remain limited. In this study, we analyzed 15,657 respiratory specimens from patients \u2264 18 years at Dankook University Hospital (2007\u20132023) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays targeting 15 viruses. Age-stratified positivity rates were compared across pandemic phases. Children \u2264 6 years comprised 88.61% of the study population. Human rhinovirus showed the highest detection rate (24.06%), followed by adenovirus (12.33%), respiratory syncytial virus-subtypes A and B (RSV-A: 11.13%; RSV-B: 8.65%), human parainfluenza virus-type 3 (HPIV-3; 6.21%), human metapneumovirus (HMPV; 5.33%), and enterovirus (2018\u20132023; EV; 10.96%). Monthly distributions differed (p &lt; 0.001). RSV peaked in late autumn and winter; influenza and seasonal coronaviruses in winter and spring; HMPV, HPIV-3, EV, and human bocavirus in summer and fall. Positivity declined during the pandemic, rebounding in 2023, most prominently among children aged 1\u20136 years (84.91%). HPIV-3 and EV increased (p &lt; 0.001). RSV-A predominated pre-pandemic, whereas RSV-B showed a non-significant relative increase post-pandemic; no subtype differences occurred during the pandemic. Findings demonstrate pathogen-specific shifts in predominance and seasonality and support ongoing surveillance and pediatric care planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18040420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:41:03Z","timestamp":1774878063000},"page":"420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in Seasonal Patterns of Pediatric Respiratory Viral Infections Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Seventeen-Year Surveillance Study in the Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8499-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Ru","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7003-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Su","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Sik","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Unintended impacts of COVID-19 on the epidemiology and burden of paediatric respiratory infections","volume":"53","author":"Burrell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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