{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:35:33Z","timestamp":1775198133162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Academician and Science & Technology Leading Talent Program","award":["202405AB350002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202405AB350002"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Training Programme for the Advanced Talents of Health and Medical Technology","award":["L-2025021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L-2025021"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC2307900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2307900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chikungunya virus (CHIKungunya Virus, CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne plus-stranded RNA virus. Adaptive mutations such as A226V in the E1 envelope protein of CHIKV significantly enhance the transmission efficiency of the virus in Aedes albostriae, leading to multiple rounds of epidemics around the world including the large-scale outbreak in Guangdong Province in 2025. After a viral infection, a significant proportion of patients will progress from acute arthralgia to chronic arthritis that persists. The pathogenesis of the disease involves the persistence of the virus in joint tissues, the persistent inflammatory response with IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-17 as the core mediated by macrophages, possible autoimmune cross-reactions, and individual genetic susceptibility. At present, there is no specific antiviral drug, but important progress has been made in vaccine development against the virus. Vaccines based on live attenuated virus (VLA1553) and virus-like particle (VLP) platforms have been approved for the market and provide a tool to prevent and control this important public health threat. This review synthesizes current knowledge on CHIKV-induced chronic arthritis pathogenesis and recent vaccine advances, providing a framework for understanding disease mechanisms and guiding future prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18040428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:09:21Z","timestamp":1775038161000},"page":"428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogenesis of Chronic Arthritis Due to Chikungunya Virus and Advances in Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling Road, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaochao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129949","article-title":"Drugs targeting structural and nonstructural proteins of the chikungunya virus: A review","volume":"262","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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