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However, reverse zoonosis\u2014the transmission of pathogens from humans to animals\u2014remains understudied despite its potential ecological and epidemiological consequences. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights this risk, as human-associated viruses may sporadically infect wildlife species and generate novel exposure pathways. To assess evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wildlife, we analyzed serum and rectal swab samples from rodents collected in rural localities of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, between 2021 and 2022. An indirect ELISA detected antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 23.1% of sampled rodents. Molecular analysis detected one positive sample with a pan-coronavirus RT-PCR, though all were negative for SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific assays. This study provides serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in rodent communities from rural areas of Mexico and is consistent with sporadic wildlife spillback events rather than sustained transmission. The observed exposure patterns may be influenced by human activities and frequent human\u2013wildlife interactions in heterogeneous rural landscapes. Our results underscore the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance to better understand the ecological context of reverse zoonosis and its implications for public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18040435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:11:28Z","timestamp":1775445088000},"page":"435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Rodents from Rural Localities in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Vigueras-Galv\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad #3000, Col. UNAM-CU, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico ZP 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6205-4176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat Elemi","family":"Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad #3000, Col. UNAM-CU, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico ZP 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4405-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Sarabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda y Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Calle L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, Col. El Centenario, Chilpancingo de Bravo ZP 39086, Guerrero, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Del Moral-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Calle L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, Col. El Centenario, Chilpancingo de Bravo ZP 39086, Guerrero, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9144-9193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sof\u00eda L.","family":"Alcaraz-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional 20 de Noviembre-ISSSTE, Av. F\u00e9lix Cuevas #540, Col. del Valle Sur, Benito Ju\u00e1rez ZP 03104, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7975-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad #3000, Col. UNAM-CU, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico ZP 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: \u00c9cologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, \u00c9volution et Contr\u00f4le, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64 501, ZP 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Arnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad #3000, Col. 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