{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:39:33Z","timestamp":1775453973035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a member of the family Birnaviridae, is a major pathogen of farmed salmonids and an important model in fish virology. Despite its small genome, which encodes only five viral proteins, IPNV exhibits complex molecular processes that govern genome expression, replication, and particle assembly. Comprehensive descriptions of the molecular biology and replication cycle of IPNV were largely established in reviews published in the mid-1990s, whereas more recent reviews have primarily focused on virulence determinants, epidemiology, or host\u2013virus interactions. This review provides an updated synthesis of available experimental knowledge on the molecular biology of IPNV by integrating classical and recent studies addressing virion architecture, genome organization, and the functions of viral proteins. Particular attention is given to the molecular events involved in the viral replication cycle, including virus entry, genome transcription, translation and replication in the cytoplasm, polyprotein processing by the viral protease, and the coordination between genome replication and virion assembly. When appropriate, experimental observations from the related Avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus are considered to provide additional context for molecular mechanisms conserved within the family Birnaviridae. Together, these studies outline the current understanding of the molecular processes governing IPNV replication and morphogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18040436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:11:28Z","timestamp":1775445088000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Molecular Biology and Replication Cycle of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Escuela de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Santiago 7510157, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Acu\u00edcola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Escuela de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Santiago 7510157, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Acu\u00edcola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3862-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Sandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Acu\u00edcola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1406-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Gonzalez-Catrilelb\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Escuela de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Santiago 7510157, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Santiago 7510157, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rivas-Aravena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Escuela de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Santiago 7510157, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (2026, March 17). 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