{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:52:42Z","timestamp":1777949562041,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":250,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic\u2014which had significant worldwide health, economic, and other effects\u2014indicated the need to monitor zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential. The aim of this review is to assess bat-borne viruses as a potential pandemic risk, with a particular focus on Europe. The presence and activity of bats, as well as diseases emerging in humans in various regions of the world, point to their importance in the context of a possible outbreak of future epidemics. The rate of genetic change observed among viruses requires constant scrutiny on all continents, including Europe. Bats are a considerable source of many zoonotic viruses, including coronaviruses, filoviruses and paramyxoviruses. Among viruses associated with bats, RNA viruses are the dominant ones, characterized by high pathogenicity and often leading to interspecies transmission. The majority (about 80%) of RNA viruses were identified in bats from three families: Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae and Pteropodidae. Understanding how viruses are transmitted in the environment and the role of reservoir organisms and intermediate hosts is crucial to determining the level of epidemic risk. This review discuses viruses identified in bats globally, with a special focus on Europe, and evaluates their potential to cause epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18050535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1777860381000},"page":"535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bat-Borne Viruses and Pandemic Risk: Could Europe Be an Emergence Hotspot?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0868-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Skowron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Bauza-Kaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Plant Ecology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8545-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Budzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1885-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Wiktorczyk-Kapischke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9289-4483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Czuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1840-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Wa\u0142ecka-Zacharska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8301-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Wnuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Zapadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kasprzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Grudlewska-Buda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45472","article-title":"Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses","volume":"16","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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