{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:27:57Z","timestamp":1785414477792,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS115082-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS115082-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21NS096405-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21NS096405-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AI196548-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI196548-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI048633-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI048633-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1R21AI196548-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI196548-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["5R01AI048633-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI048633-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paraspeckles are subnuclear ribonucleoprotein condensates that regulate host stress responses, including those triggered by viral infection. In vitro studies using non-neuronal cells have shown the involvement of specific paraspeckle components in facilitating the replication of certain viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), but these processes have not been investigated in human neuronal cells, which represent a relevant target of the virus. We employed human neural precursor cells (NPCs), neurons, and brain organoids derived from hiPSCs to investigate the previously unexplored dynamics of paraspeckle components in HSV-1-infected human neuronal cells. Our results reveal cell-type-specific differences in the expression of paraspeckle genes in response to HSV-1 infection. Unlike other viruses, HSV-1 orchestrates a previously unreported redistribution of paraspeckle proteins, leading to their accumulation in viral replication compartments (VRCs). Importantly, the expression of the paraspeckle proteins NONO and SFPQ correlates with HSV-1 permissiveness in human neuronal cells and may be required to establish a nuclear environment favoring viral transcription\/replication. This enhances our understanding of how stress-response pathways in cells can be exploited by viruses in a cell-type-specific manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18050552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:07:26Z","timestamp":1779206846000},"page":"552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamics of Paraspeckle Components in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)-Infected Human Neuronal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Filipponi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O\u2019Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Gambotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Science, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callen T.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, S362 Biomedical Science Tower (South), Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadranka","family":"Milosevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Captis Diagnostics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, S362 Biomedical Science Tower (South), Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9192-6047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribeth A.","family":"Wesesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O\u2019Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishwajit L.","family":"Nimgaonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O\u2019Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"D\u2019Aiuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O\u2019Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20200010","article-title":"Organization and function of paraspeckles","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e13-09-0558","article-title":"NEAT1 long noncoding RNA regulates transcription via protein sequestration within subnuclear bodies","volume":"25","author":"Hirose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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