{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:56:58Z","timestamp":1785405418517,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19AI142762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI142762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["U19AI142762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI142762"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) complex comprises mosquito-borne neurotropic alphaviruses maintained in nature by mosquitoes. Although rare, human infections caused by these viruses can lead to febrile illness that may progress to severe encephalitis, for which there are no vaccines for prevention and no specific therapeutics for treatment. Moreover, a high percentage of human cases show long-term neurological sequelae. Here, we review the literature on cases, diagnosis, and management. Current gaps in clinical care include an urgent need to develop rapid diagnostic tests, new therapeutics, and vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:14:12Z","timestamp":1782375252000},"page":"692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Complex: Human Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7550-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Umar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4506-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan P.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7652-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Correa Quitete Schaller","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-9258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2640-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen B.","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Host Pathogen Systems, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687839","article-title":"Five Emerging Neuroinvasive Arboviral Diseases: Cache Valley, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu","volume":"39","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. 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