{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:18:00Z","timestamp":1791839880074,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In May 2026, two outbreaks occurred at once: an Andes virus outbreak aboard the MV Hondius expedition cruise ship (13 cases (12 laboratory-confirmed and 1 probable), 3 deaths, and more than 600 contacts traced across 32 countries and territories; passengers and crew from 23 countries; data as of 22 June 2026) and a Bundibugyo virus disease (BDBV) outbreak in Central Africa (more than 1000 laboratory-confirmed cases and more than 250 confirmed deaths in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda; data as of 22 June 2026). The two pathogens diverge sharply in their transmission epidemiology. Aboard the MV Hondius, person-to-person transmission was sustained across three generations from a single index case, and one asymptomatic, PCR-positive contact later developed symptoms, indicating pre-symptomatic ANDV RNA detection, although the extent to which this corresponds to infectiousness and onward transmission remains uncertain. BDBV, on current evidence, has not been documented to sustain pre-symptomatic transmission as a major driver of its outbreaks, which allows for contact tracing of different timing and intensity. This Perspective draws together the epidemiological data from the MV Hondius outbreak, the endemic-region experience (Chile\u2019s 2021\u20132025 secondary attack rate of 5.7%; Argentina\u2019s 1996 El Bols\u00f3n and 2018 Epuy\u00e9n outbreaks), the molecular pathogenesis, the diagnostic platforms, the therapeutic pipeline (favipiravir, tocilizumab, Icatibant) and the vaccine strategies (USAMRIID DNA vaccine, phase 1 completed). We set the contact-tracing and active-surveillance protocols applied to ANDV against the less stringent protocols that may suffice for BDBV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1782799084000},"page":"708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differentiated Contact Tracing for Emerging Zoonotic Hantavirus and Ebolavirus Infections: Lessons from the 2026 Andes Virus (MV Hondius) and Bundibugyo Virus Outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1297-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Broccolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital P.O. Vito Fazzi\u2014ASL Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"UOC Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2026, May 18). 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