{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:51:26Z","timestamp":1785433886286,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"ANID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3230499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3230499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["3230499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3230499"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centros de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo de Excelencia de Inter\u00e9s Nacional","award":["CIN250062 SENTINET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN250062 SENTINET"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1161447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1161447"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1201240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201240"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1241530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1241530"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1261129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1261129"]}]},{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["11261395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11261395"]}]},{"award":["1161447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1161447"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016nafs32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1201240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201240"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016nafs32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1241530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1241530"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016nafs32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1261129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1261129"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016nafs32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["11261395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11261395"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/016nafs32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) caused by Andes Orthohantavirus (ANDV) carries case-fatality rates up to 40%; however, the innate immune determinants of disease severity remain poorly defined. Natural killer (NK) cells are central mediators of early antiviral immunity, but their landscape during the earliest phase of ANDV infection has not been characterized. Using multiparameter flow cytometry and unsupervised UMAP-based clustering in PBMCs from 13 HCPS patients stratified by severity and nine healthy donors, we show that severe HCPS is characterized by a coordinated disruption of the CD56dim NK cell compartment, encompassing reduced subset frequencies, specific reduction in the terminally differentiated NKG2C+CD57+ adaptive-like pool, and intrinsic impairment of IFN-\u03b3 production and degranulation, deficits that were absent in mild patients and persisted in part beyond clinical recovery. Furthermore, CD56dimCD16+ NK cell frequencies correlated negatively with viral load across all acute patients, independent of clinical severity. These findings establish severe HCPS not merely as a state of NK cell depletion, but as one of selective functional impairment of the most cytotoxically competent NK cell population during the critical early acute phase of ANDV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1782799084000},"page":"712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Natural Killer Cell Landscape in the Natural History of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in a Chilean Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Hormazabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Hantavirus & Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaci\u00f3n en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. 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La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Le","family":"Corre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1tricas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Santiago 7500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9415-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Ferres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1tricas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Santiago 7500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Paciente Cr\u00edtico, Cl\u00ednica, Alemana de Santiago Av. 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