{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:37:12Z","timestamp":1785436632712,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15AI169398-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15AI169398-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1R15AI169398-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15AI169398-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045p44t13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012569","name":"University of Toledo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pbdzh19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virus infection requires coordinated activation of pathogen-sensing, innate immune, and cellular stress response pathways to mount an effective antiviral defense. Recognition of nucleic acid pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiates signaling cascades that drive the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. These responses are often accompanied by the activation of integrated stress response pathways that help optimize host defense. Cytosolic double-stranded dsDNA, generated during viral infection or released from damaged mitochondria, is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which generates 2\u20323\u2032-cGAMP to activate stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Activated STING translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where it drives TBK1-dependent IFN and cytokine production. Previous reports show that cGAS activity is enhanced by Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein 1 (G3BP1), a key nucleator of stress granules (SGs), independent of its role in SG assembly. Here, we identify a non-canonical role of G3BP1 as a regulator of DNA sensing responses at multiple levels, including STING intracellular trafficking, in addition to potentiating cGAS activity. Loss of G3BP1 impaired STING-dependent IFN and cytokine responses to HSV-1 infection and viral DNA. G3BP1-deficient cells showed reduced cGAMP-induced STING translocation to the Golgi, induction of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of the ER stress kinase PERK and stress granule formation. Together, these findings demonstrate G3BP1-STING as a node linking DNA sensing, innate immunity, and stress signaling with broad implications for antiviral defense and diseases characterized by aberrant DNA sensing and stress responses, including neurodegeneration, fibrosis, and autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:26:15Z","timestamp":1782807975000},"page":"719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple Roles of G3BP1 in Regulating STING-Dependent Interferon and Cytokine Induction by Cytosolic dsDNA and HSV-1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Trupti","family":"Devale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2679-8626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Manivannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishnamurthy","family":"Malathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1303","article-title":"Innate immune recognition of viral infection","volume":"7","author":"Kawai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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