{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:58:01Z","timestamp":1787997481602,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) are major pathogens affecting cattle worldwide, leading to significant economic losses in livestock production systems. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and dual seropositivity of both viruses in dual-purpose cattle in Villavicencio, Colombia. A total of 1000 serum samples were collected from cattle across 30 farms and analyzed using ELISA. Seroprevalence for BVDV ranged from 0.0% to 78.7%, while BoHV-1 ranged from 0.0% to 100.0%. Dual seropositivity with both viruses was observed at the farm level, ranging from 0.0% to 52.2%. At the herd level, 26.7% (8\/30) of the farms were seronegative for BVDV (95% CI: 14.2\u201344.5%), whereas only 3.3% (1\/30) were seronegative for BoHV-1 (95% CI: 0.6\u201316.7%). Additionally, seven farms (23.3%) were simultaneously seronegative for both BVDV and BoHV-1. Overall, the findings demonstrate widespread exposure and non-random concurrent seropositivity of both viruses, highlighting the importance of herd management, biosecurity, and animal movement in shaping infection dynamics in dual-purpose cattle systems. Management practices, animal movement, and environmental factors were significantly associated with seropositivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:06:34Z","timestamp":1782875194000},"page":"723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seroprevalence, Dual Seropositivity, and Associated Risk Factors of BVDV and BoHV-1 in Dual-Purpose Cattle from the Colombian Eastern Plains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Emerson S\u00e1nchez","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Research Group in Animal Reproduction and Genetics, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 500004, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Luis Parra","family":"Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Research Group in Animal Reproduction and Genetics, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 500004, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Ciuoderis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Research Group in Animal Reproduction and Genetics, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 500004, Colombia"},{"name":"Corporacion Corpotropica, Veterinary Research, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn G\u00f3ngora","family":"Orjuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Research Group in Animal Reproduction and Genetics, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 500004, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.03.001","article-title":"Innate Immunology of Bovine Respiratory Disease","volume":"26","author":"Ackermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. 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