{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:27:51Z","timestamp":1785432471128,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["BR28712529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR28712529"]}]},{"award":["BR28712529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR28712529"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) demonstrated qualitatively new epidemiological characteristics of the infection, significantly different from previous outbreaks, mainly limited to the regions of Central and West Africa. The scale and speed of the spread of the virus necessitated a revision of existing ideas about the transmission routes of MPXV and its epidemiological potential. Human-to-human transmission of MPXV has traditionally been considered to be limited and self-extinguishing. However, the data obtained during the 2022 outbreak indicate the formation of stable transmission chains and an increase in the effectiveness of anthroponotic spread. This work is devoted to an analysis of the dynamics of transmission of MPXV with an emphasis on its potential to spread to Kazakhstan from neighboring countries and an evaluation of preparedness, eventually aiming to raise awareness in the scientific community of Central Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:34:11Z","timestamp":1783071251000},"page":"739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Transmission Dynamics in Neighboring Countries as a Potential Threat to Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lespek","family":"Kutumbetov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balzhan","family":"Myrzakhmetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Chervyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuandyk","family":"Zhugunissov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3867-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Askhat","family":"Myngbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Temirzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zootechnology, Genetics and Breeding, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Issimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnur","family":"Admanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maral","family":"Bakytzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samal","family":"Almat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulya","family":"Issengaliyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayauzhan","family":"Shakhmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2022.07.006","article-title":"Monkeypox virus: A re-emergent threat to humans","volume":"37","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, R., Chaudhary, A.A., Srivastava, U., Gupta, S., Rustagi, S., Rudayni, H.A., Kashyap, V.K., and Kumar, S. (2025). 2022 to 2025 Update: A Comprehensive Review on Its Complications, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment. 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