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It is an exceptionally stable virus with a broad host range and is widespread across diverse agroecosystems. Concerning TMV management, plant-derived metabolites have emerged as promising and eco-friendly antiviral agents. To date, numerous plant-derived metabolites with potent anti-TMV activity and their underlying mechanisms of action have been identified. However, a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action is still lacking. This review summarizes the diversity of anti-TMV mechanisms triggered by natural and plant-sourced semisynthetic compounds. These metabolites mainly include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and glycosides, which act either directly targeting virus particles or indirectly by eliciting host immunity. Together, these mechanisms form an integrated defence network that restricts viral replication and movement within the host. This mechanistic understanding will be essential for the rational development of sustainable and effective plant-derived antiviral agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:16:44Z","timestamp":1783613804000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plant-Derived Anti-TMV Metabolites: Mechanisms, Limitations and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9861-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Qasim","family":"Aslam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"},{"name":"Faisalabad Campus, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad 38070, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziran","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"},{"name":"School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5844-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr Said","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"},{"name":"Botanical Gardens Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute of Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12513, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-9402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah Mostafa","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12513, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3439-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongdui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology\/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 605205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shilpha, J., and Kang, W.-H. 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