{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:18:56Z","timestamp":1783937936824,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"RSF project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-44-02015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-44-02015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"state-funded budget project","award":["125013001100-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["125013001100-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild waterfowl constitute the primary natural reservoir of influenza A viruses, and wetlands at the convergence of major migratory flyways serve as critical hubs for viral genetic exchange. Baikal Siberia, situated at the intersection of the East African\u2013West Asian, Central Asian, and East Asian\u2013Australasian flyways, represents a unique yet understudied region in this context. Here we report the results of long-term virological surveillance of wild birds in the Lake Baikal basin conducted between 2018 and 2024. A total of 1036 cloacal swab samples from 28 bird species were screened, yielding 42 influenza A virus isolates belonging to 12 HA\/NA subtype combinations: H1N1, H3N1, H3N2, H3N5, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H6N1, H6N2, H6N3, H6N8, and H12N5. Among the detected subtypes, H6 viruses\u2014identified with four distinct neuraminidase combinations (N1, N2, N3, N8)\u2014are of particular public health relevance owing to their documented capacity for dual-receptor binding and potential for zoonotic transmission to mammals, including humans. Full-genome sequencing followed by cluster analysis of internal gene segments identified 16 distinct segment constellations, indicating extensive reassortment. BLAST searches against the GISAID database revealed closest genetic relatives in Mongolia, South Korea, Japan, China, and Western Siberia, with more distant links to Bangladesh, Europe, and a possible intercontinental connection via the Pacific flyway. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA segments confirmed that all isolates belong to the Eurasian genetic lineage, yet they are distributed across multiple clades rather than forming a single monophyletic group, reflecting the role of Buryatia as a mixing zone for genetically diverse viral populations. These findings substantially expand the understanding of influenza A virus ecology in the Lake Baikal basin and underscore the importance of continued surveillance at this key migratory crossroads in Northern Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1783936269000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Monitoring of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Waterfowl: Evidence from the Lake Baikal Basin (2018\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9698-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Kasianov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Sharshov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-0819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Derko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7780-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Dubovitskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1603-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junki","family":"Mine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5833-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniya","family":"Badmaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences, Dorji Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude 670000, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lopson","family":"Bazarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cTunkinsky National Park\u201d, Kyren 671010, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3945-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Gulyaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arina","family":"Loginova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Grigoriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kasianova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Murashkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4561-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Sobolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3156-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Shestopalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2026, May 20). 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