{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:03:11Z","timestamp":1784653391737,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SEP-CONACYT","award":["288942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["288942"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013704","name":"CONACyT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOP02-2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOP02-2021-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u201cPrograma de Becas posdoctorales UNAM 2025\u22121\u201d DGAPA-UNAM scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infects goats and sheep of all breeds and ages worldwide. There are no current records regarding the three-dimensional structure or antigenic capacity of the nucleocapsid protein p14 of FESC-752 Mexican strain. The antigenic structure of p14 protein of a B1 genotype was predicted. cDNA from FESC-752 was used to overexpress the recombinant SRLV-rp14 protein. Then, its antigenicity was verified in vitro by evaluating plasma samples from goats and sheep naturally infected with SRLV. Antigenicity prediction showed a \u201chorseshoe\u201d-type structure shared by different lentiviruses and five epitopes distributed throughout the p14 surface regions where they coincide suggesting conserved epitopes in the zinc-finger structures of the nucleoproteins of the SRLV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), and Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) retroviruses. Multi-species molecular docking showed a notable structural convergence where caprine, bovine, murine, and human immunoglobulins target a predictive 23 amino acid epitope (residues 41\u201364) within the core zinc-finger region. Furthermore, CABS docking simulations predicted that p14-derived peptides preferentially bind within the antigen-presenting cleft of both caprine and bovine major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. The stability of these immunological complexes is mediated by dense networks of hydrophobic interactions and highly conserved aromatic anchoring residues. Antigenicity analysis revealed that 78.7% of samples from naturally infected goats showed immunoreactivity toward SRLV-rp14 and the predictive evidence that p14 can simultaneously stimulate both humoral and cellular pathways makes it a strategic candidate for the design of next-generation vaccines aimed at controlling lentiviruses in small ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18070803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1784650599000},"page":"803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Prediction and Antigenic Characterization of Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein (p14) of Small Ruminant Lentivirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2526-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Azucena","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitl\u00e1n, Medicina Veterinaria, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli C.P. 54714, Mexico"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Procesos Alimentarios y Qu\u00edmica \u00c1rea Biotecnolog\u00eda, Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Capulhuac, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica del Valle de Toluca, Lerma C.P. 52700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-3911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Cerrite\u00f1o-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), KM. 15.5 Carretera M\u00e9xico-Toluca, Col. Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, M\u00e9xico City C.P. 05110, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julieta Sandra","family":"Cuevas-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), KM. 15.5 Carretera M\u00e9xico-Toluca, Col. Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, M\u00e9xico City C.P. 05110, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jesus","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales (DSCBA), Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de M\u00e9xico (UnADM), Av. Universidad 1200, Piso 1 Cuadrante 1-21, Col. Xoco, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, M\u00e9xico City C.P. 03330, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7905-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Esparragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda de las Enfermedades Respiratorias del Cerdo, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitl\u00e1n, Medicina Veterinaria, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli C.P. 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucero de Mar\u00eda","family":"\u00c1vila-De la Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitl\u00e1n, Medicina Veterinaria, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli C.P. 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1682-8104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Ram\u00edrez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitl\u00e1n, Medicina Veterinaria, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli C.P. 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Pablo-Maiso, L., Dom\u00e9nech, A., Echeverr\u00eda, I., G\u00f3mez-Arrebola, C., De Andr\u00e9s, D., Rosati, S., G\u00f3mez-Lucia, E., and Reina, R. 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