{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:24:03Z","timestamp":1785425043682,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"USDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AP23OA000000C022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23OA000000C022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIH\/NIAID Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y9qjz38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["AI180310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI180310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since its emergence in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected a wide range of animal species, including wildlife. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection has been widely reported in wildlife, particularly in white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) across the United States, data on viral circulation in New England wildlife remain limited. Here, we investigated active SARS-CoV-2 infection and serological evidence of previous exposure in free-ranging wildlife from New England and Virginia. We examined samples from 1646\u00a0animals representing 29 wildlife species, collected through wildlife rehabilitation centers, clinics, and hunter harvests in New England and Virginia between 2022 and 2025. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in three WTD from Massachusetts and Vermont. Phylogeographic analysis showed that the Vermont WTD SARS-CoV-2 sequences were closely related to contemporaneous human SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the same region, consistent with a possible human-to-deer spillover event. Serological screening by ELISA detected SARS-CoV-2 reactive samples in nine individuals from three species, including Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), Eastern coyote (Canis latrans), and raccoon (Procyon lotor), providing putative evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure. However, neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were detected in only a single Eastern cottontail. Overall, these findings indicate sporadic SARS-CoV-2 detection and limited serological evidence of prior exposure among wildlife sampled in New England and Virginia, and highlight the importance of continued surveillance to detect spillover events, monitor viral evolution, and assess the potential risks associated with wildlife reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18080832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:13:47Z","timestamp":1785320027000},"page":"832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in Free-Ranging Wildlife in New England and Virginia, United States, 2022\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idrissa Nonmon","family":"Sanogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1795-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy B.","family":"Puryear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4474-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa F.","family":"Simulynas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm van","family":"Bakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0387-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J. R.","family":"Feehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zak","family":"Mertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Wildlife Center, Weymouth, MA 02190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Wildlife Center, Weymouth, MA 02190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ridge Wildlife Center, Boyce, VA 22620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaine","family":"Hymel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Clinic of Rhode Island, Saunderstown, RI 02874, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Runstadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2809.220223","article-title":"Susceptibility of Wild Canids to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"28","author":"Porter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. 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