{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:11:59Z","timestamp":1793146319313,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":212,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aquaculture has become the leading source of global aquatic food production, and its continued expansion has been accompanied by an increasing burden of bacterial diseases. Aeromonas spp. are among the most damaging bacterial pathogens in aquaculture and are recognised reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance within a One Health framework. Although bacteriophages have been investigated against numerous aquaculture pathogens, evidence relating to Aeromonas-targeting phages remains dispersed across studies. This integrative review synthesises research published between 1981 and 2026 on bacteriophages targeting Aeromonas spp. and examines the development of the field from early isolation studies to current therapeutic and translational applications. Studies were identified through structured searches of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus and analysed for phage isolation, genomic characterisation, therapeutic efficacy, delivery strategies and phage-derived applications. Comparison of findings across studies reveals several consistent patterns. Phage cocktails generally provided broader antibacterial activity and reduced the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains compared with single-phage treatments. Preventive applications consistently produced higher survival rates than treatments applied after infection, while whole-genome sequencing has become a routine component of candidate phage evaluation. Recent studies have expanded the scope of phage-based interventions beyond intact virions to include phage-derived endolysins, oral delivery systems and phage lysate-based vaccine approaches. The evidence shows that bacteriophages can reduce mortality, suppress bacterial infections and improve survival across diverse aquaculture species affected by Aeromonas spp. Phage resistance, large-scale implementation and regulatory harmonisation remain important challenges, supporting further development of phage-based disease management in aquaculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18080868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bacteriophages Against Aeromonas Species in Aquaculture: An Integrative Review of Therapeutic Applications, Genomic Advances and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"\u0130fakat T\u00fclay","family":"\u00c7a\u011fatay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquatic Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Akdeniz University, 07050 Antalya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00322-9","article-title":"A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010\u20132050","volume":"2","author":"Morley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"United Nations (2024). World Population Prospects, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Available online: https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024: Blue Transformation in Action, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-021-01246-9","article-title":"The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply","volume":"14","author":"Boyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Secur."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obirikorang, K.A., Quagrainie, K., Kassah, J.E., and Von Ahnen, M. (2024). Editorial: Sustainable aquaculture production for improved food security. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1485956"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2616-y","article-title":"The future of food from the sea","volume":"588","author":"Costello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70171","DOI":"10.1002\/aff2.70171","article-title":"Expanding horizons in phage therapy: Addressing antibiotic resistance in aquaculture","volume":"6","author":"Azhar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquac. Fish Fish."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03308-6","article-title":"A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture","volume":"591","author":"Naylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2025.04.002","article-title":"Biological strategies in aquaculture disease management: Towards a sustainable blue revolution","volume":"10","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Fis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, I., and Ahmad, I. (2025). Aquaculture for improving productivity, income, and nutrition. Aquaculture: Enhancing Food Security and Nutrition, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92858-1"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milijasevic, M., Veskovic-Moracanin, S., Babic Milijasevic, J., Petrovic, J., and Nastasijevic, I. (2024). Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: Risk mitigation within the One Health context. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.0874.v1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70055","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.70055","article-title":"A review of phage therapy for aquaculture applications: Efficacy, health ramifications and research challenges","volume":"27","author":"James","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fish Fish."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patil, P.K., Geetha, R., Mishra, S.S., Abraham, T.J., Solanki, H.G., Krupesha Sharma, S.R., Pradhan, P.K., Manna, S.K., Avunje, S., and Abhinaya, D. (2025). Unveiling the economic burden of diseases in aquatic animal food production in India. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2025.1480094"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70039","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.70039","article-title":"The current state of knowledge of the economic impact of diseases in global aquaculture","volume":"17","author":"Maezono","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.20473\/jipk.v18i1.79707","article-title":"Isolation, characterisation, and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages for controlling the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"18","author":"Julaini","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Ilm. Perikan. Kelaut."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70645","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70645","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy: Current strategies and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austin, B., and Austin, D.A. (2016). Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease of Farmed and Wild Fish, Springer International Publishing. [6th ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32674-0"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, I., Ishtiyaq, S., and Sayed, S.F. (2025). An overview on understanding the major bacterial fish diseases in freshwater salmonids. Front. Aquac., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/faquc.2025.1515831"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"LPSN-List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (2026, June 25). Genus Aeromonas. Available online: https:\/\/lpsn.dsmz.de\/genus\/Aeromonas."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Bravo, A., and Figueras, M.J. (2020). An update on the genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, epidemiology and pathogenicity. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010129"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14088","article-title":"A review on pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and their mitigation through medicinal herbs in aquaculture","volume":"9","author":"Semwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70097","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.70097","article-title":"The genus Aeromonas in aquaculture: A comprehensive review of prevalence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance with an emphasis on key pathogenic species","volume":"18","author":"Tao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, L.L., Liu, C., Liu, G.F., Tao, X.H., Zhang, H.S., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y.Y., Li, M.Y., Jiang, J.Z., and Chen, H.P. (2025). Characterisation and genomic analysis of two Aeromonas phages. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1585026"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70117","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.70117","article-title":"Antibiotic alternative strategies against Aeromonas hydrophila infections: New trends and advances","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartie, K.L., and Desbois, A.P. (2024). Aeromonas dhakensis: A zoonotic bacterium of increasing importance in aquaculture. Pathogens, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060465"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, S.J., Kim, M.S., Jeong, M.G., Do, M.Y., Hwang, S.D., and Kim, W.J. (2022). Establishment of epidemiological cut-off values and the distribution of resistance genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii isolated from aquatic animals. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030343"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13055-z","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in aeromonads and new therapies targeting quorum sensing","volume":"108","author":"Neil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s44280-025-00071-5","article-title":"Global distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in aquaculture","volume":"3","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bello-L\u00f3pez, J.M., Cabrero-Mart\u00ednez, O.A., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Cervantes, G., Hern\u00e1ndez-Cortez, C., Pelcastre-Rodr\u00edguez, L.I., Gonzalez-Avila, L.U., and Castro-Escarpulli, G. (2019). Horizontal gene transfer and its association with antibiotic resistance in the genus Aeromonas spp. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090363"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00404-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00404-18","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic analysis of mcr-3-positive Aeromonas species from humans, retail meat and environmental water samples","volume":"62","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"42","article-title":"Therapeutic application of bacteriophages against Aeromonas spp. mediated diseases in aquaculture: A critical review","volume":"9","author":"Sonne","year":"2023","journal-title":"IOSR J. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, D., Wojnarowski, K., Cholewi\u0144ska, P., and Pali\u0107, D. (2025). Current trends in approaches to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance in aquatic veterinary medicine. Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070681"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wacnik, M., Hauza, E., Skaradzi\u0144ska, A., and \u015aliwka, P. (2026). Bacteriophage therapy: Overcoming antimicrobial resistance through advanced delivery methods. Molecules, 31.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31020324"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-022-01001-7","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy: An emerging paradigm in fish disease management","volume":"31","author":"Nokhwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25655-8","article-title":"Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial resistance from aquaculture and fisheries in Asia","volume":"12","author":"Schar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0722-0","article-title":"Urban informal settlements as hotspots of antimicrobial resistance and the need to curb environmental transmission","volume":"5","author":"Nadimpalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Austin, B. (2012). Bacteria and bacteriophages as biological agents for disease control in aquaculture. Infectious Disease in Aquaculture: Prevention and Control, Woodhead Publishing."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.05.048","article-title":"Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: Current status and future perspectives","volume":"433","author":"Reverter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"68","article-title":"Phage therapy: An alternate disease control in aquaculture\u2014A review on recent advancements","volume":"8","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"IOSR J. Agric. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00100-6","article-title":"Aquaculture as yet another environmental gateway to the development and globalisation of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"16","author":"Cabello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-020-00456-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: A crisis for concern","volume":"75","author":"Preena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34849","article-title":"Mini review: Advantages and limitations of lytic phages compared with chemical antibiotics to combat bacterial infections","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2016.1241977","article-title":"Advances in bacteriophage research for bacterial disease control in aquaculture","volume":"25","author":"Choudhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, G.M.F., M\u00e4kel\u00e4, K., Laanto, E., Pulkkinen, J., Vielma, J., and Sundberg, L.R. (2019). The fate of bacteriophages in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS): Towards developing phage therapy for RAS. Antibiotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040192"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734423","article-title":"Overcoming the challenges of phage therapy for industrial aquaculture: A review","volume":"513","author":"Culot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-022-00965-6","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy in aquaculture: Current status and future challenges","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Wang, R., and Bao, H. (2022). Phage products for fighting antimicrobial resistance. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071324"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017baczek, M., Weber-D\u0105browska, B., and G\u00f3rski, A. (2020). Phages as a cohesive prophylactic and therapeutic approach in aquaculture systems. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090564"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomel\u00ed-Ortega, C.O., Balc\u00e1zar, J.L., and Quiroz-Guzm\u00e1n, E. (2022). Phage therapy and aquaculture: Progress and challenges. Int. Microbiol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-022-00304-2"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e975540","DOI":"10.4161\/21597081.2014.975540","article-title":"Bacteriophage remediation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture: A review of the technology","volume":"4","author":"Richards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bacteriophage"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-020-00567-4","article-title":"Bacteriophages for aquaculture disease control","volume":"28","author":"Ninawe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sieiro, C., Areal-Hermida, L., Pichardo-Gallardo, \u00c1., Almui\u00f1a-Gonz\u00e1lez, R., De Miguel, T., S\u00e1nchez, S., and Villa, T.G. (2020). A hundred years of bacteriophages: Can phages replace antibiotics in agriculture and aquaculture?. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080493"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doss, J., Culbertson, K., Hahn, D., Camacho, J., and Barekzi, N. (2017). A review of phage therapy against bacterial pathogens of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9030050"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x","article-title":"The integrative review: Updated methodology","volume":"52","author":"Whittemore","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.15.271","article-title":"Biological control of fish bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, by bacteriophage AH 1","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"21","article-title":"Control of the eel (Anguilla japonica) pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda, by bacteriophages","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.09.045","article-title":"Protective effects of Aeromonas phages pAh1-C and pAh6-C against mass mortality of the cyprinid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"416\u2013417","author":"Jun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2221-1","article-title":"Genomic structure of the Aeromonas bacteriophage pAh6-C and its comparative genomic analysis","volume":"160","author":"Jun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Tong, G., Jiang, X., Tu, C., Cai, H., Fang, W., Tan, H., Weng, Q., Wei, X., and Lin, M. (2024). Biologic and genomic characterisation of a novel virulent Aeromonas hydrophila phage phiA051, with high homology to prophages. Front. Vet. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1415685"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.62550\/DP96101","article-title":"Aeromonas hydrophila bacteriophage UP87: An alternative to antibiotic treatment for motile Aeromonas septicemia in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"97","author":"Candare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philipp. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"2","article-title":"New approach to use phage therapy against Aeromonas hydrophila induced motile Aeromonas septicemia in Nile tilapia","volume":"6","author":"Megahed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12536","article-title":"Characterisation of bacteriophage pAh-1 and its protective effects on experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"40","author":"Easwaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.12.3.17","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterisation of some marine Aeromonas phages: Protective effects for Nile tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"12","author":"Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pure Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, T.S., Nguyen, T.H., Vo, H.P., Doan, V.C., Nguyen, H.L., Tran, M.T., Tran, T.T., Southgate, P.C., and Kurtb\u00f6ke, D.\u0130. (2018). Protective effects of bacteriophages against Aeromonas hydrophila causing motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in striped catfish. Antibiotics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7010016"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3805-y","article-title":"Characterisation and genomic analyses of Aeromonas hydrophila phages AhSzq-1 and AhSzw-1, isolates representing new species within the T5virus genus","volume":"163","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.051","article-title":"The challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila and bacteriophage AH\u03a63 to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to evaluate survival rate","volume":"101","author":"Zorriehzahra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197764","article-title":"Genomic characterisation of a novel virulent phage infecting Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"273","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735193","article-title":"Characterisation and application of a novel Aeromonas bacteriophage as treatment for pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout","volume":"523","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-1113-5","article-title":"Complete genome sequences of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas phages as a supportive tool for development of antibacterial treatment in aquaculture","volume":"16","author":"Kazimierczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13026","article-title":"Bacteriophage-based cocktail modulates selected immunological parameters and post-challenge survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"42","author":"Schulz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.32508\/stdj.v21i2.429","article-title":"Stability and activity of TG25P phage in control of Aeromonas hydrophila in striped catfish pond water","volume":"21","author":"Xuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Dev. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.24.23","article-title":"Selection of phages to control Aeromonas hydrophila-an infectious agent in striped catfish","volume":"24","author":"Hoang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.11.076","article-title":"Immunostimulation of Cyprinus carpio using phage lysate of Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"86","author":"Yun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akmal, M., Rahimi-Midani, A., Hafeez-ur-Rehman, M., Hussain, A., and Choi, T.J. (2020). Isolation, characterisation, and application of a bacteriophage infecting the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030215"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04793-2","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of a novel lytic phage infecting Aeromonas hydrophila, an infectious agent in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)","volume":"165","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.15625\/2615-9023\/16018","article-title":"Genomic analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteriophages isolated in striped catfish farms in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","volume":"43","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00178-z","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of phage AHP-1 and its combined effect with chloramphenicol to control Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"51","author":"Chandrarathna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Gao, S., Dong, Y., Lu, C., and Liu, Y. (2020). Isolation and characterisation of bacteriophages against virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01811-w"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"189","article-title":"Evaluation of phage delivery systems on induced motile Aeromonas septicemia in Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"1","author":"Gordola","year":"2020","journal-title":"PHAGE"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2020.1659.1665","article-title":"Use of bacteriophage to control experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"23","author":"Phumkhachorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-020-02279-7","article-title":"Characterisation of novel bacteriophage AhyVDH1 and its lytic activity against Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"78","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13387","article-title":"Protective efficacy of phage PVN02 against hemorrhagic septicemia in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus via oral administration","volume":"44","author":"Dang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte, J., Pereira, C., Costa, P., and Almeida, A. (2021). Bacteriophages with potential to inactivate Aeromonas hydrophila in cockles: In vitro and in vivo preliminary studies. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060710"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J.B., Yu, M.-S., Tseng, T.T., and Lin, L.C. (2021). Molecular characterisation of Ahp2, a lytic bacteriophage of Aeromonas hydrophila. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030477"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11752-7","article-title":"Characterisation of a novel broad-spectrum endolysin PlyD4 encoded by a highly conserved prophage found in Aeromonas hydrophila ST251 strains","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14997","article-title":"Isolation, characterisation and genomic analysis of vB-AhyM-AP1, a lytic bacteriophage infecting Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"131","author":"Pallavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"737106","article-title":"Novel lytic bacteriophages (AhFM4 & AhFM5) as bio-control measures against multidrug-resistant biofilm-producing Aeromonas hydrophila (AhZ1K)","volume":"544","author":"Nithin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.737894","article-title":"Impacts of oxygen and ozone nanobubbles on bacteriophage in aquaculture system","volume":"551","author":"Dien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e435","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14321","article-title":"Characterisation and protective effects of lytic bacteriophage pAh6.2TG against a pathogenic multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"69","author":"Dien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janelidze, N., Jaiani, E., Didebulidze, E., Kusradze, I., Kotorashvili, A., Chalidze, K., Porchkhidze, K., Khukhunashvili, T., Tsertsvadze, G., and Jgenti, D. (2022). Phenotypic and genetic characterisation of Aeromonas hydrophila phage AhMtk13a and evaluation of its therapeutic potential on simulated Aeromonas infection in Danio rerio. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020412"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, L., Li, D., Lin, W., Liu, W., Qu, C., Qian, M., Cai, R., Zhou, Q., Wang, F., and Tong, Y. (2022). Novel Aeromonas phage Ahy-yong1 and its protective effects against Aeromonas hydrophila in brocade carp (Cyprinus carpio koi). Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112498"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05345-y","article-title":"Characterisation and genome analysis of two new Aeromonas hydrophila phages, PZL-Ah1 and PZL-Ah8","volume":"167","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, C., Jia, K., Chi, T., Chen, S., Yu, H., Zhang, L., Raza, S.H.A., Alshammari, A.M., Liang, S., and Zhu, Z. (2022). Lytic bacteriophage PZL-Ah152 as biocontrol measures against lethal Aeromonas hydrophila without distorting gut microbiota. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.898961"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, R., Yadav, R., Kumar, D., Chaube, R., and Nath, G. (2023). Evaluation of bacteriophage therapy of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in a freshwater fish, Pangasius buchanani. Front. Aquac., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/faquc.2023.1201466"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199193","article-title":"The characterisation and genome analysis of a novel phage phiA034 targeting multiple species of Aeromonas","volume":"336","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2023.109887","article-title":"Whole genome sequence analysis of Aeromonas-infecting bacteriophage AHPMCC7, a new species of genus Ahphunavirus, and its application in Litopenaeus vannamei culture","volume":"588","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"28","article-title":"Isolation of bacteriophages capable of lysing Aeromonas hydrophila causing hemorrhagic disease in red tilapia cultured in cages in Vinh Long province","volume":"20","author":"Quach","year":"2024","journal-title":"HCMCOU J. Sci.-Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67768-2","article-title":"Novel lytic bacteriophage AhFM11 as an effective therapy against hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"14","author":"Sankappa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-03951-3","article-title":"Oral feed-based administration of phage cocktail protects rohu fish (Labeo rohita) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection","volume":"206","author":"Rai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.110011","article-title":"Protective immune-response of Aeromonas hydrophila phage lysate in crucian carp against direct virulent challenge with A. hydrophila-TPS","volume":"155","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"162","article-title":"Characterisation and genome analyses of the novel phages P2 and vB_AhydM-H1 targeting Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"5","author":"Nagar","year":"2024","journal-title":"PHAGE"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"TRJFAS26756","article-title":"Effects of oral application of bacteriophage cocktails to treat aeromoniasis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"25","author":"Aygur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"103240","article-title":"Controlling of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using Ah01 and Ah02 virulent bacteriophages isolates","volume":"29","author":"Alharbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00832-25","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00832-25","article-title":"Identification and analysis of the crucial holin domain and sites and the bactericidal activity of a holin-endolysin lysis cassette from phage PZL-Ah152 against Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"100","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"AQUAST2905","article-title":"Farm-derived bacteriophages mitigate Aeromonas hydrophila infection and improve survival in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","volume":"26","author":"Wahjuningrum","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquat. Stud."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Feng, X., Wang, J., Qu, W., and Jin, M. (2026). Isolation, characterisation, and evaluation of a lytic jumbo phage Z90 against Aeromonas hydrophila in American eels (Anguilla rostrata). Antibiotics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010027"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111079","article-title":"A novel bacteriophage pAEh1 for controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection in aquaculture","volume":"169","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-125-2-335","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative studies of Aeromonas salmonicida bacteriophage","volume":"125","author":"Rodgers","year":"1981","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1577\/H06-019.1","article-title":"Using bacteriophages to prevent furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida in farmed brook trout","volume":"18","author":"Imbeault","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Anim. Health"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2007.05.023","article-title":"Furunculosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is not readily controllable by bacteriophage therapy","volume":"270","author":"Algoet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.3390\/md9112236","article-title":"Bacteriophages with potential for inactivation of fish pathogenic bacteria: Survival, host specificity and effect on bacterial community structure","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1175-9","article-title":"Complete genomic sequence of a T4-like bacteriophage phiAS4 infecting Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida","volume":"157","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.07.025","article-title":"Biological control of Aeromonas salmonicida infection in juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) with phage AS-A","volume":"450","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07401-7","article-title":"Characterisation and diversity of phages infecting Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida","volume":"7","author":"Vincent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.07.002","article-title":"New insights on phage efficacy to control Aeromonas salmonicida in aquaculture systems: An in vitro preliminary study","volume":"495","author":"Duarte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Yuan, S., Liu, Q., Mai, G., Yang, J., Deng, D., and Ma, Y. (2018). In vitro design and evaluation of phage cocktails against Aeromonas salmonicida. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01476"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3977-5","article-title":"Complete genome analysis of bacteriophage AsXd-1, a new member of the genus Hk97virus, family Siphoviridae","volume":"163","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-019-00782-5","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and its infecting novel phage ASP-1 from goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"59","author":"Nikapitiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04923-w","article-title":"Characterisation of bacteriophage T7-Ah reveals its lytic activity against a subset of both mesophilic and psychrophilic Aeromonas salmonicida strains","volume":"166","author":"Leduc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseini, N., Paquet, V.E., Chehreghani, M., Moineau, S., and Charette, S.J. (2021). Phage cocktail development against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains is compromised by a prophage. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112241"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01468-21","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01468-21","article-title":"Isolation of a virulent Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida bacteriophage and its application in phage therapy in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","volume":"87","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199165","article-title":"MQM1, a bacteriophage infecting strains of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida carrying Prophage 3","volume":"334","author":"Hosseini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svanberga, K., Avsejenko, J., Jansons, J., Fridmanis, D., Kazaka, T., Berzins, A., Dislers, A., Kazaks, A., and Zrelovs, N. (2024). Isolation and characterisation of a novel Aeromonas salmonicida-infecting Studiervirinae bacteriophage JELG-KS1. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030542"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-011-9944-2","article-title":"Isolation and partial characterisation of a virulent bacteriophage IHQ1 specific for Aeromonas punctata from stream water","volume":"63","author":"Haq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-017-1517-0","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of a novel T7-like phage against Aeromonas veronii","volume":"54","author":"Anand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738998","article-title":"Evaluation on the effects of phage cocktail in preventing Aeromonas veronii infection in gibel carps (Carassius auratus gibelio)","volume":"563","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740804","article-title":"Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide protection against Aeromonas veronii infection in scaleless fish","volume":"586","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallage, T.P., Paisantham, P., Surachetpong, W., Mongkolsuk, S., and Sirikanchana, K. (2025). Prospects of phage DJ6712 and FW6709 in biocontrol of Aeromonas veronii in fish aquaculture. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112503"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, X., Liao, G., Fu, X., Liang, H., Niu, Y., Lin, Q., Liu, L., Ma, B., and Li, N. (2024). A novel and effective therapeutic method for treating Aeromonas schubertii infection in Channa maculata. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060957"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106914","article-title":"Isolating pathogenic multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila from diseased fish and assessing the effectiveness of a novel lytic Aeromonas veronii bacteriophage (AVP3) for biocontrol","volume":"196","author":"Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2024.103111","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of lytic bacteriophages and their application in combination with amoxicillin against Aeromonas dhakensis","volume":"36","author":"Sawaengwong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2025.103164","article-title":"Emerging novel bacteriophage candidates targeting multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. from striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","volume":"45","author":"Tu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548627","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2548627","article-title":"Phage pAEv1: A potential biocontrol agent against Aeromonas veronii infections","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, C., Wang, L., Bai, H., Huang, Q., Liang, S., Li, R., Yu, J., Wang, S., Guo, H., and Raza, S.H.A. (2025). The high efficiency protective effectiveness of a newly isolated myovirus bacteriophage vB_AceP_PAc in protecting mice from Aeromonas caviae infection. BMC Microbiol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03796-w"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-025-06516-x","article-title":"A study of the novel Aeromonas veronii bacteriophage AerV_348 reveals an unclassified group of aquatic phages within the class Caudoviricetes","volume":"171","author":"Morozova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01723-w","article-title":"Genomic overview of the N4-like TEMp-D1 phage and the efficacy of antibiotic phage synergy for the biocontrol of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae","volume":"33","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tammas, I., Bitchava, K., and Gelasakis, A.I. (2024). Transforming aquaculture through vaccination: A review on recent developments and milestones. Vaccines, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202405.1803.v1"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12741","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: A global analysis of literature and national action plans","volume":"15","author":"Caputo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J., Bruce, T.J., Jones, E.M., and Cain, K.D. (2019). A review of fish vaccine development strategies: Conventional methods and modern biotechnological approaches. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110569"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106971","article-title":"The current status and development forecasts of vaccines for aquaculture and its effects on bacterial and viral diseases","volume":"196","author":"Mkulo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"739098","article-title":"Probiotics in aquaculture: A review of recent advances","volume":"565","author":"Hoseinifar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed, E.A.H., Ahmed, A.E.M., Kov\u00e1cs, B., and P\u00e1l, K. (2025). The significance of probiotics in aquaculture: A review of research trend and latest scientific findings. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030242"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737514","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics used to control vibriosis in fish: A review","volume":"547","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S.-C., Lin, C.-H., Sung, C.T., and Fang, J.-Y. (2014). Antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: Application in foods and pharmaceuticals. Front. Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00241"},{"key":"ref_145","unstructured":"Akhtar, M.S., Pandey, A.K., and Sarma, D. (2023). Antimicrobial peptides: An alternative to antibiotics for environment-friendly hill aquaculture. Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Temperate Himalayas, Springer."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"27","article-title":"Phage therapy: An old concept with new perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Durbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15735-6","article-title":"Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"11","author":"Reverter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-080219-122208","article-title":"Phage therapy for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"73","author":"Hatfull","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.014","article-title":"Phage therapy: A renewed approach to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"25","author":"Kortright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.3.649-659.2001","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy","volume":"45","author":"Sulakvelidze","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800442106","article-title":"Engineered bacteriophage targeting gene networks as adjuvants for antibiotic therapy","volume":"106","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1006\/tpbi.2002.1590","article-title":"Bacteriophages: Evolution of the majority","volume":"61","author":"Hendrix","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theor. Popul. Biol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.1.69-114.2000","article-title":"Virioplankton: Viruses in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"64","author":"Wommack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.1.1.14942","article-title":"Phages in nature","volume":"1","author":"Clokie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bacteriophage"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-022-00891-x","article-title":"Isolation and partial characterisation of bacteriophages infecting Vibrio harveyi from shrimp farm effluent water","volume":"30","author":"Lelin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2018.09.003","article-title":"Phage lysis: Multiple genes for multiple barriers","volume":"103","author":"Cahill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurtboke, I. (2012). Application of therapeutic phages in medicine. Bacteriophages, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/1065"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)20383-3","article-title":"An investigation on the nature of ultra-microscopic viruses","volume":"186","author":"Twort","year":"1915","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"970","article-title":"Sur le r\u00f4le du microbe filtrant bact\u00e9riophage dans la dysenterie bacillaire","volume":"167","year":"1918","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2021.103863","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy: Recent developments and applications of a renaissant weapon","volume":"172","author":"Fathima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-022-05694-2","article-title":"Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee","volume":"168","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.09.002","article-title":"Phage therapy: Facts and fiction","volume":"296","author":"Skurnik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00954-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00954-17","article-title":"Development and use of personalized bacteriophage-based therapeutic cocktails to treat a patient with a disseminated resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection","volume":"61","author":"Schooley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01705-x","article-title":"Personalized bacteriophage therapy outcomes for 100 consecutive cases: A multicentre, multinational, retrospective observational study","volume":"9","author":"Pirnay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00049-07","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy to reduce Salmonella colonization of broiler chickens","volume":"73","author":"Atterbury","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, J., Kim, Y.T., Ryu, S., and Lee, J.H. (2016). Biocontrol and rapid detection of food-borne pathogens using bacteriophages and endolysins. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00474"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braz, M., Pereira, C., Freire, C.S.R., and Almeida, A. (2025). A review on recent trends in bacteriophages for post-harvest food decontamination. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030515"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niazi, S.K. (2025). Bacteriophage therapy: Discovery, development, and FDA approval pathways. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081115"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S290093","article-title":"Bacteriophage-a promising alternative measure for bacterial biofilm control","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120859","article-title":"Identifying ARG-carrying bacteriophages in a lake replenished by reclaimed water using deep learning techniques","volume":"248","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albarella, D., Dall\u2019Ara, P., Rossi, L., and Turin, L. (2025). Bacteriophage therapy in freshwater and saltwater aquaculture species. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040831"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107344","article-title":"Characterisation and anti-biofilm potentiality of an isolated novel Aeromonas hydrophila-infecting bacteriophage AHPMCC11, belonging to the genus Ahphunavirus","volume":"200","author":"Ghosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70024","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.70024","article-title":"Phage-based biocontrol strategies and application in aquatic animal disease prevention and control","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margen.2019.100696","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of three lytic Lactococcus garvieae phages with genome architecture linking the 936 phage species of Lactococcus lactis","volume":"48","author":"Hoai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Genom."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leskinen, K., Pajunen, M.I., Gomez-Raya Vilanova, M.V., Kiljunen, S., Nelson, A., Smith, D., and Skurnik, M. (2020). YerA41, a Yersinia ruckeri bacteriophage: Determination of a non-sequenceable DNA bacteriophage genome via RNA-sequencing. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060620"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Letchumanan, V., Chan, K.G., Pusparajah, P., Saokaew, S., Duangjai, A., Goh, B.H., Mutalib, N.S.A., and Lee, L.H. (2016). Insights into bacteriophage application in controlling Vibrio species. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01114"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2502009","DOI":"10.71150\/jm.2502009","article-title":"Characterisation of novel bacteriophages for effective phage therapy against Vibrio infections in aquaculture","volume":"63","author":"Moon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03038-14","article-title":"Complete genome sequence analysis of two Pseudomonas plecoglossicida phages, potential therapeutic agents","volume":"81","author":"Kawato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, C., Duarte, J., Costa, P., Braz, M., and Almeida, A. (2022). Bacteriophages in the control of Aeromonas sp. in aquaculture systems: An integrative view. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020163"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740925","article-title":"The evaluation of bacteriophage therapy in aquaculture: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"588","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.12.026","article-title":"Edible bacteriophage based antimicrobial coating on fish feed for enhanced treatment of bacterial infections in aquaculture industry","volume":"502","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun, J.W. (2024). A concise overview of studies on successful real-world applications of bacteriophages in aquaculture. Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16121843"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banicod, R.J.S., Javaid, A., Tabassum, N., Jo, D.M., Hassan, M.I., Kim, Y.M., and Khan, F. (2025). Marine bacteriophages as next-generation therapeutics: Insights into antimicrobial potential and application. Viruses, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/v17070971"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.02.036","article-title":"The genus Aeromonas: A general approach","volume":"130","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-36-3-473","article-title":"Proposal to recognize the family Aeromonadaceae fam. nov","volume":"36","author":"Colwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625023","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/625023","article-title":"Emerging Aeromonas species infections and their significance in public health","volume":"2012","author":"Igbinosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00039-09","article-title":"The genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection","volume":"23","author":"Janda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reith, M.E., Singh, R.K., Curtis, B., Boyd, J.M., Bouevitch, A., Kimball, J., Munholland, J., Murphy, C., Sarty, D., and Williams, J. (2008). The genome of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449: Insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen. BMC Genom., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-427"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-6-2069","article-title":"Extended method for discrimination of Aeromonas spp. by 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis","volume":"50","author":"Figueras","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13886","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13886","article-title":"A review of bacterial disease outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reported from 2010 to 2022","volume":"48","author":"Duman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tasci, G., Ajmi, N., Altun, S., Saticioglu, I.B., and Duman, M. (2026). Genome resolved coinfection by Aeromonas veronii and Shewanella sp. in koi carp: A zoonotic risk for aquarists. Microorganisms, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010036"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12917","article-title":"Diagnostic methods for identifying different Aeromonas species and examining their pathogenicity factors, their correlation to cytotoxicity and adherence to fish mucus","volume":"42","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Fern\u00e1ndez, E., Chinchilla, B., Rebollada-Merino, A., Dom\u00ednguez, L., and Rodr\u00edguez-Bertos, A. (2023). An outbreak of Aeromonas salmonicida in juvenile Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii). Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172697"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajmi, N., Duman, M., Ay, H., and Saticioglu, I.B. (2025). Genomic and pangenomic insights into Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. oncorhynchi subsp. nov. Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060523"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.4.1167-1170.1996","article-title":"Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila hybridization group 1 by PCR assays","volume":"62","author":"Anguita","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-012-9515-7","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy as a bacterial control strategy in aquaculture","volume":"20","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(01)01280-3","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy of infectious diseases in aquaculture","volume":"153","author":"Nakai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipson, C.W., Voegtly, L.J., Lueder, M.R., Long, K.A., Rice, G.K., Frey, K.G., Biswas, B., Cer, R.Z., Hamilton, T., and Bishop-Lilly, K.A. (2018). Characterizing phage genomes for therapeutic applications. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10040188"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06281-x","article-title":"Isolation, characterisation and functional analysis of a bacteriophage targeting Culex pipiens pallens resistance-associated Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-025-02354-5","article-title":"Harnessing bacteriophage therapy as a sustainable solution for pathogen control in aquaculture","volume":"33","author":"Vishnuprasadh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-7247-0","article-title":"Bacteriophage-encoded depolymerases: Their diversity and biotechnological applications","volume":"100","author":"Pires","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2024.110209","article-title":"A game of resistance: War between bacteria and phages and how phage cocktails can be the solution","volume":"599","author":"Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12786","article-title":"Review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture","volume":"15","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2025.101847","article-title":"Bacteriophage-based veterinary products: Aligning regulatory framework and development challenges for market integration","volume":"91","author":"Antoine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2024.00126","article-title":"Phage therapy updates: New frontiers against antibiotic resistance","volume":"15","author":"Malik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos-Vivas, J., Superio, J., Galindo-Villegas, J., and Acosta, F. (2021). Phage therapy as a focused management strategy in aquaculture. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910436"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalska, J.D., Kazimierczak, J., Sowi\u0144ska, P.M., W\u00f3jcik, E.A., Siwicki, A.K., and Dastych, J. (2020). Growing trend of fighting infections in aquaculture environment-opportunities and challenges of phage therapy. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9060301"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741398","article-title":"Bacteriophage encapsulation\u2014Trends and potential applications in aquaculture","volume":"594","author":"Aziz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Le, S., Zhu, T., and Wu, N. (2023). Regulations of phage therapy across the world. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1250848"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zalewska-Pi\u0105tek, B. (2023). Phage therapy: Challenges, opportunities and future prospects. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16121638"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doud, M.B., Robertson, J.M., and Strathdee, S.A. (2025). Optimizing phage therapy with artificial intelligence: A perspective. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1611857"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2025.2531446","article-title":"An update on experimental to large-scale production of bacteriophages against superbugs: A review","volume":"46","author":"Rahimian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/18\/8\/868\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:41:08Z","timestamp":1786362068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/18\/8\/868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"references-count":212,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["v18080868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v18080868","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]}}}