{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:19:22Z","timestamp":1788326362102,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019065","name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24YDTPJC00330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YDTPJC00330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tianjin major project for high-quality species innovation","award":["24ZXZYSN00020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZXZYSN00020"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team of Tianjin Marine Fisheries Research System","award":["ITTMRS2026000-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITTMRS2026000-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cynoglossus semilaevis papillomavirus (CsPaV) is an emerging viral pathogen associated with high mortality in farmed Chinese tongue soles. A sensitive, specific, and quantitative method is needed for CsPaV surveillance and epidemiological studies. In this study, we designed primers and a probe that targeted the CsPaV L1 gene. We then established a TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. The assay detected as few as 5.8 \u00d7 101 copies\/\u00b5L and was 1000-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR. The assay did not cross-react with the other aquatic pathogens tested. The intra-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 0.23% to 0.84%, and the inter-assay coefficients ranged from 0.56% to 1.48%. These results showed that the assay had good repeatability. We used the assay to study the tissue distribution and temporal dynamics of CsPaV after experimental infection. Healthy Chinese tongue soles received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 \u00b5L of inoculum containing 3.66 \u00d7 105 CsPaV copies\/\u00b5L. Three fish were sampled at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days post-infection. CsPaV DNA was detected in all tissues examined. The kidney had the highest viral DNA load, which reached 2.47 \u00d7 107 copies\/mg at 7 days post-infection. Among 176 clinically diseased Chinese tongue soles collected between 2023 and 2026, 80.68% tested positive for CsPaV. CsPaV DNA was also detected in several other aquatic species. These findings provide a sensitive tool for CsPaV surveillance and molecular epidemiological studies. The assay may also support disease prevention and control in Chinese tongue sole aquaculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18090939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:47:13Z","timestamp":1787849233000},"page":"939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a TaqMan Probe-Based Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection of Cynoglossus semilaevis Papillomavirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6177-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Fishery Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Fishery Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ye-Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shuxia","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lu, C., Jia, L., Yu, Y., Liu, H., Yang, S., Zeng, Z., and Li, H. 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