{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:19:25Z","timestamp":1788326365125,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020143","name":"HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIMH P30MH062512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMH P30MH062512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center","award":["NIDA P50DA026306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDA P50DA026306"]}]},{"name":"CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Effects Therapy Research","award":["NIMH\/NINDS N01-MH22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMH\/NINDS N01-MH22005"]}]},{"name":"CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Effects Therapy Research","award":["HHSN271201000036C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201000036C"]}]},{"name":"CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Effects Therapy Research","award":["HHSN271201000030C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201000030C"]}]},{"name":"California NeuroHIV Tissue Network","award":["NIMH 75N95023C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMH 75N95023C00014"]}]},{"name":"NIDA","award":["TRAIN T32DA031098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAIN T32DA031098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study examined associations of days of methamphetamine (METH) abstinence with neurocognitive functioning and whether age moderates this relationship in people with HIV (PWH). Methods: Retrospective data from 122 PWH with lifetime METH use disorder (MUD) were analyzed. Linear, piecewise, and curvilinear models were compared to characterize the association between length of METH abstinence and Global neuropsychological test T-scores. An interaction term between METH Abstinence Days and Age Group (&lt;42, 42\u201348, &gt;49) was added to the best model to test moderation both globally and by domain. Results: A curvilinear model with log-transformed METH Abstinence Days provided the best model fit, with higher METH Abstinence Days associated with higher Global T-scores and a decreasing positive slope over time. Age Group did not moderate Global T-scores. At the domain level, Age Group moderated associations between METH Abstinence Days and Information Processing Speed, with steepest slopes in the youngest age group. Conclusions: Length of METH abstinence is curvilinearly associated with neurocognitive functioning, with the steepest associations occurring in early abstinence, and is largely independent of age. These results emphasize that most neurocognitive recovery in domains impacted by MUD occurs during early abstinence across age groups and may inform the timing of neurocognitive assessment and intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18090953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:41:18Z","timestamp":1788266478000},"page":"953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining Age as Moderating Associations Between Methamphetamine Abstinence and Cognitive Function in People with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria O.","family":"Chentsova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University\/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92120, USA"},{"name":"HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2854-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Iudicello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2005-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anya","family":"Umlauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6520-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akashi K.","family":"Suon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Cherner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study","volume":"75","author":"Heaton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zenebe, Y., Necho, M., Yimam, W., and Akele, B. 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