{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:18:11Z","timestamp":1788585491589,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Williams Foundation"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03799m784","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-143320OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143320OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PID2022-143320OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143320OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023ktd084","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Research Agency","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion","award":["PICT 2019-03300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2019-03300"]}]},{"award":["PICT 2019-03300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2019-03300"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03stxzb56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11220200102478CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220200102478CO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010442","name":"Secretariat of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant 33620230100243CB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 33620230100243CB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoviruses represent promising tools for the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, their application is often constrained by host specificity and low natural prevalence in certain pathogens. Fusarium verticillioides, a major maize pathogen and fumonisin B1 (FB1) producer, harbors very few known mycoviruses, a circumstance that limits the development of virus-based control strategies. In this study, we explored a virocontrol approach for F. verticillioides based on the use of a heterologous mycovirus, Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). For the artificial transfection of F. verticillioides with CHV1, we used an infectious cDNA clone of the virus and protoplast-mediated transformation. Through RT-PCR and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) purification by chromatography on cellulose, it was confirmed that the CHV1 infectious cDNA clone is stably integrated into the fungal genome, giving rise to autonomous virus replication in the cytoplasm of F. verticillioides cells. Characterization of four independent transformants harboring CHV1 showed a significant reduction in FB1 production compared to the parental uninfected strain and only moderate alterations in vegetative growth. The CHV1-associated reduction in FB1 was confirmed in maize grown under both greenhouse and field conditions. Our findings provide evidence that heterologous mycoviruses can modulate mycotoxin production in F. verticillioides, thus expanding the pool of viral species that can be explored as potential biocontrol agents in this pathogen. Further work will be required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CHV1-associated downregulation of FB1 production in F. verticillioides and assess its potential application in virocontrol strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18090971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:13:25Z","timestamp":1788455605000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heterologous Expression of Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 in Fusarium verticillioides Reveals Stable Replication and Reduced Fumonisin Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sof\u00eda B.","family":"Ulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba 5000, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Avenida V\u00e9lez Sarsfield 1611, C\u00f3rdoba X5016GCA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6811-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s G.","family":"Jacquat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Fitopatolog\u00eda y Modelizaci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola (UFYMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria (INTA), Av. 11 de Sept No. 4755, C\u00f3rdoba 5020, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA). Av. 11 de Sept No. 4755, C\u00f3rdoba 5020, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda C.","family":"Ca\u00f1izares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterr\u00e1nea \u201cLa Mayora\u201d, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estaci\u00f3n Experimental \u201cLa Mayora\u201d, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s\/n, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-8766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn G.","family":"Theumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas (FCQ), Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba 5000, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5686-0884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ses\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterr\u00e1nea \u201cLa Mayora\u201d, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estaci\u00f3n Experimental \u201cLa Mayora\u201d, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s\/n, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5520-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda D.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Pedrajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterr\u00e1nea \u201cLa Mayora\u201d, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estaci\u00f3n Experimental \u201cLa Mayora\u201d, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s\/n, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"Dambolena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas F\u00edsicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba 5000, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Avenida V\u00e9lez Sarsfield 1611, C\u00f3rdoba X5016GCA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize","volume":"109","author":"Bacon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. 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