{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:06:59Z","timestamp":1789189619705,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Food and Drug Administration, USA","award":["75F40120C00085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75F40120C00085"]}]},{"award":["75F40120C00085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75F40120C00085"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034xvzb47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 EU, project EVIDENT","award":["666100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["666100"]}]},{"name":"CEPI project","award":["H5R01920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H5R01920"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["221963\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221963\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["221963\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221963\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029chgv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused major morbidity, mortality, and economic disruption, highlighting the need to better understand zoonotic spillover risks posed by coronaviruses. We investigated whether archived human sera from forested Guinea contained evidence of prior exposure to coronaviruses antigenically related to known pathogenic human coronaviruses. Methods: Archived sera collected in 2017\u20132018 from wildlife hunter communities in Guinea were analysed using serological assays against spike glycoproteins from SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal human coronaviruses. Binding responses to receptor binding domains were also assessed, together with spatial and subgroup analyses. Results: Pre-pandemic sera showed IgG cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV spike antigens. A distinct subgroup demonstrated strong binding to both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV receptor binding domains. Conclusions: These findings highlight the utility of sero-epidemiology in identifying potential zoonotic spillover. However, further investigation is needed to identify these viruses and determine their homology to known pathogenic coronaviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18090989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:55:46Z","timestamp":1788879346000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Serum Antibodies Cross-Reactive with Pathogenic Betacoronavirus Amongst Rural Communities Within the Forested Region of the Republic of Guinea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom R. W.","family":"Tipton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2353-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Bore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Analyse M\u00e9dicale (CRAM), Macenta, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Timothy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, 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Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Mellors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifono","family":"Kekoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Analyse M\u00e9dicale (CRAM), Macenta, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Millimon S.","family":"Lucien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Analyse M\u00e9dicale (CRAM), Macenta, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice K.","family":"Koivogui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Analyse M\u00e9dicale (CRAM), Macenta, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kpade","family":"Zeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Analyse M\u00e9dicale (CRAM), Macenta, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4611-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Mentzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2426-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donal","family":"Skelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klenerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6582-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Hiscox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u2019Faly","family":"Magassouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projet Laboratoire Fi\u00e8vres H\u00e9morragiques, Conakry, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley","family":"Fornace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles W.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00102-14","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease","volume":"28","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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