{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:04:12Z","timestamp":1789549452235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, the critical role of ion channels has become increasingly evident during the COVID-19 crisis. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the functions of ion channels, including viroporins, in both the viral life cycle and the host immune response. It explores how ion channels facilitate viral replication, assembly, and immune evasion. Moreover, this review critically examines the molecular mechanisms underpinning SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular emphasis on the integral role of viral proteins exhibiting membrane-interacting properties, collectively named viroporins, in promoting viral survival and triggering host defense mechanisms, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. By unraveling these complex interactions, this review aims to increase our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18091027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1789545539000},"page":"1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Ion Channels in the Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Faisal F.","family":"Alousi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Medicine, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4381-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel A.","family":"Alli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","volume":"581","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2985","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity","volume":"370","author":"Ojha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohan, D., Van Ert, H., Ruggio, N., Rogers, K.J., Badreddine, M., Aguilar Briseno, J.A., Elliff, J.M., Rojas Chavez, R.A., Gao, B., and Stokowy, T. 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