{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:03:36Z","timestamp":1789707816873,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale","award":["European Union's Horizon Europe Project 101136346 EUPAHW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Union's Horizon Europe Project 101136346 EUPAHW"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04es49j42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["European Union's Horizon Europe Project 101136346 EUPAHW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["European Union's Horizon Europe Project 101136346 EUPAHW"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04es49j42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented RNA virus capable of genome reassortment during co-infection. We characterized genome constellations recovered after co-infection of Vero cells with western BTV-1 and eastern BTV-16 strains followed by three serial passages. Of 157 plaques, 46 showed simultaneous detection of BTV-1 and BTV-16 Seg-2 and were excluded because a single parental background could not be established. Among 111 Seg-2-monotypic plaques, 20 were identified as reassortants, representing 18.0% of the evaluable plaques and 12.7% of all plaques collected. Across the 20 recovered reassortants, 111 of 200 segment assignments derived from BTV-1 and 89 from BTV-16. BTV-1-derived Seg-7 was observed in 18 of 20 plaques and BTV-16-derived Seg-3 in 14 of 20 plaques; 18 distinct genome constellations were observed. Because all plaques originated from a single co-infection and were sampled after three serial passages without parallel single-virus passage controls, the observed segment distributions integrate reassortment and post-reassortment selection and cannot separate these processes. These data demonstrate recovery of diverse BTV-1\/BTV-16 reassortant genomes under the experimental conditions but do not establish the true reassortment frequency or reproducible segment-association patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18091029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome Constellations Recovered Following In Vitro Co-Infection and Serial Passage of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1 and 16"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0690-0187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Plebani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5517-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Salvaggiulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3875-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Pizzurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Teodori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Brandimarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariassunta","family":"Iannetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Pulsoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Vecchiato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estilos s.r.l., 30172 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Casaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6156-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Coetzer, J.A.W., and Tustin, R.C. 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Methods"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/18\/9\/1029\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:13:47Z","timestamp":1789704827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/18\/9\/1029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["v18091029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v18091029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}