{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:00:59Z","timestamp":1789984859634,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32473009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32473009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473009"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Projects of Wuhan City","award":["2025021102020384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025021102020384"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFD0500800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0500800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has the characteristics of a fast evolution rate and high genetic heterogeneity. PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 are co-circulating, and the threat they pose to the health of pigs worldwide continues to rise. In this study, two PRRSV strains with significantly different genetic backgrounds, namely SHEU-2022 (PRRSV-1, full length 15,050 nt) and SHCH-2023 (PRRSV-2, full length 15,019 nt), were simultaneously isolated from a single serum sample of a co-infected sow in Shanghai, China, and their whole-genome characteristics were analyzed. SHEU-2022 clustered with indigenous PRRSV-1 isolates in China, harbored a unique 15-nt deletion in the ORF3-ORF4 overlapping region, carried an additional N-glycosylation site on GP5, and replicated only in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) under the conditions used. SHCH-2023 is a novel recombinant strain with a CH-1a-like (lineage 8) genome backbone and two NADC30-derived fragments\u2014one in Nsp2 (sublineage 1.8) carrying the characteristic 131-amino acid deletion and one in the GP2\/E region; it replicated in both PAMs and Marc-145 cells, though this may partly reflect the enrichment procedure. No PRRSV-1\/PRRSV-2 recombination was detected between the two co-infected strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v18091044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1789977827000},"page":"1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-Infection of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 in a Single Sow: Complete Genome Characterization Reveals a Novel CH-1a-Backbone Recombinant with an NADC30-Derived Nsp2 in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiakai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Veterinary Drug Innovation in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chemical Veterinary Drug Innovation in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7903-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9729-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Li, Z., Li, H., Yang, S., Ren, F., Bian, T., Sun, L., Zhou, B., Zhou, L., and Qu, X. 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