{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:44:53Z","timestamp":1791315893360,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The retrovirus restriction factor TRIM5\u03b1 blocks post-entry infection of retroviruses in a species-specific manner. As a cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM5\u03b1 binds to the retroviral capsid lattice in the cytoplasm of an infected cell and accelerates the uncoating process of retroviral capsid, thus providing a potent restriction to HIV-1 and other retrovirus infections. The precise mechanism by which this restriction is imposed remains under scrutiny, and evidence is lacking to link the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of TRIM5\u03b1 to its ability to restrict retrovirus infection. In a recent study, Pertel and colleagues have uncovered the link between the two, providing compelling evidence to suggest that following the interaction with the retroviral capsid, TRIM5 triggers an antiviral innate immune response by functioning as a pattern recognition receptor [1]. This unique function of TRIM5 is dependent on its association with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex UBC13-UEV1A and subsequent activation of the TAK1 kinase complex and downstream genes involved in innate immune responses. These findings have defined a novel function for TRIM5 as a pattern recognition receptor in innate immune recognition and provided valuable mechanistic insight into its role as a retroviral restriction factor. Here we discuss the significance of these new findings in understanding TRIM5-mediated HIV restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v3071204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T11:00:38Z","timestamp":1310727638000},"page":"1204-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["TRIM5 Acts as More Than a Retroviral Restriction Factor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Suresh","family":"De Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09976","article-title":"Trim5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice","volume":"472","author":"Pertel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.42.110807.091704","article-title":"Host restriction factors blocking retroviral replication","volume":"42","author":"Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. 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