{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:30:14Z","timestamp":1764858614692,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in young children and infants worldwide and has a high impact on morbidity and mortality in this population. Initially, HRV was classified into two species: HRV-A and HRV-B. Recently, a species called HRV-C and possibly another species, HRV-D, were identified. In Mexico, there is little information about the role of HRV as a cause of ARI, and the presence and importance of species such as HRV-C are not known. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and genetic variability of HRV in Mexican children. Genetic characterization was carried out by phylogenetic analysis of the 5\u2032-nontranslated region (5\u2032-NTR) of the HRV genome. The results show that the newly identified HRV-C is circulating in Mexican children more frequently than HRV-B but not as frequently as HRV-A, which was the most frequent species. Most of the cases of the three species of HRV were in children under 2 years of age, and all species were associated with very mild and moderate ARI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v4020200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T12:21:36Z","timestamp":1327494096000},"page":"200-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Variability of Human Rhinovirus in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Landa-Carde\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. Industrial \u00c1nimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Morales-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. Industrial \u00c1nimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Garc\u00eda-Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. Industrial \u00c1nimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Georgina","family":"Cobi\u00e1n-G\u00fcemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ortiz-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. Industrial \u00c1nimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Pital\u00faa-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil \u2018Luis F. Nach\u00f3n\u2019, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, Pedro Rend\u00f3n 1, Esq. Nicol\u00e1s Bravo, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia Ivonne","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilda","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s\/n, Col. Industrial \u00c1nimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.3.278","article-title":"Respiratory consequences of rhinovirus infection","volume":"163","author":"Greenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-09","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in infants: Causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology","volume":"23","author":"Tregoning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01170.x","article-title":"Rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis and asthma development","volume":"22","author":"Jartti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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