{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:53:24Z","timestamp":1791251604171,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lassa virus, an Old World arenavirus (family Arenaviridae), is the etiological agent of Lassa fever, a severe human disease that is reported in more than 100,000 patients annually in the endemic regions of West Africa with mortality rates for hospitalized patients varying between 5-10%. Currently, there are no approved vaccines against Lassa fever for use in humans. Here, we review the published literature on the life cycle of Lassa virus with the specific focus put on Lassa fever pathogenesis in humans and relevant animal models. Advancing knowledge significantly improves our understanding of Lassa virus biology, as well as of the mechanisms that allow the virus to evade the host\u2019s immune system. However, further investigations are required in order to design improved diagnostic tools, an effective vaccine, and therapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v4102031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T02:55:18Z","timestamp":1349837718000},"page":"2031-2048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nadezhda E.","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1159\/000148956","article-title":"Interrelationships among arenaviruses measured by indirect immunofluorescence","volume":"9","author":"Wulff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1997.0436","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the Arenaviridae: patterns of virus evolution and evidence for cospeciation between arenaviruses and their rodent hosts","volume":"8","author":"Bowen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. 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