{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:56:39Z","timestamp":1791255399009,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]],"date-time":"2013-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viruses within the Bunyaviridae family are tri-segmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses. The family includes several emerging and re-emerging viruses of humans, animals and plants, such as Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, La Crosse virus, Schmallenberg virus and tomato spotted wilt virus. Many bunyaviruses are arthropod-borne, so-called arboviruses. Depending on the genus, bunyaviruses encode, in addition to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the different structural proteins, one or several non-structural proteins. These non-structural proteins are not always essential for virus growth and replication but can play an important role in viral pathogenesis through their interaction with the host innate immune system. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge and understanding of insect-borne bunyavirus  non-structural protein function(s) in vertebrate, plant and arthropod.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v5102447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]],"date-time":"2013-10-04T11:47:09Z","timestamp":1380887229000},"page":"2447-2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Non-Structural Proteins of Arthropod-Borne Bunyaviruses: Roles and Functions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Saleh","family":"Eifan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455,  Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Schnettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Lie","family":"Blomstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7028, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1006","article-title":"Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease","volume":"2","author":"Weaver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.008","article-title":"Present and future arboviral threats","volume":"85","author":"Weaver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.06.001","article-title":"Molecular biology and genetic diversity of rift valley fever virus","volume":"95","author":"Ikegami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antiviral 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