{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:30:33Z","timestamp":1789389033093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]],"date-time":"2013-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus of global importance. Over the last two decades, it has been responsible for significant numbers of cases of illness in humans and animals in many parts of the world. In Ukraine, WNV infections in humans and birds were first reported more than 25 years ago, yet the current epidemiological status is quite unclear. In this study, serum samples from over 300 equines were collected and screened in order to detect current WNV activity in Ukraine with the goal to estimate the risk of infection for humans and horses. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization assay (NT) to detect WNV-specific antibodies. The results clearly revealed that WNV circulates in most of the regions from which samples were obtained, shown by a WNV seroprevalence rate of 13.5% of examined horses. This is the first topical report indicating the presence of WNV infections in horses in Ukraine, and the results of this study provide evidence of a widespread WNV circulation in this country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v5102469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]],"date-time":"2013-10-04T11:47:09Z","timestamp":1380887229000},"page":"2469-2482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["West Nile Virus Antibody Prevalence in Horses of Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ute","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, S\u00fcdufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Skrypnyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Donetska Str. 30, Kyiv, 03151 Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, S\u00fcdufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Staubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Seestra\u00dfe 55, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maksym","family":"Bezymennyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Donetska Str. 30, Kyiv, 03151 Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Virologie, Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Philippstr. 13, D-14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Osterrieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Virologie, Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Philippstr. 13, D-14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Groschup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, S\u00fcdufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Epidemiology of West Nile in europe and in the Mediterranean basin","volume":"4","author":"Calistri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Virol. 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