{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:46:17Z","timestamp":1781621177389,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]],"date-time":"2013-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small enveloped DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. HBV can cause acute and persistent infection which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the main cellular events. The dysregulation of their expression has been linked to the development of the cancer as well as to viral interference. This chapter will describe the involvement of miRNAs in the case of HBV infection and their implication in the development of the HBV-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v5112690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]],"date-time":"2013-11-07T15:28:06Z","timestamp":1383838086000},"page":"2690-2703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Roles of microRNAs in the Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Related Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Muriel","family":"Thirion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute,  5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ochiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute,  5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions","volume":"136","author":"Bartel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134243","article-title":"Viruses, microRNAs, and host interactions","volume":"64","author":"Skalsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra031087","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection\u2014Natural history and clinical consequences","volume":"350","author":"Ganem","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21731","article-title":"The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002","volume":"118","author":"Parkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"10","article-title":"Altered expression profiles of microRNAs in a stable hepatitis B virus-expressing cell line","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24809","article-title":"Loss of microRNA 122 expression in patients with hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B virus replication through cyclin G(1)-modulated P53 activity","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1379","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation","volume":"5","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149460","article-title":"Switching from repression to activation: Micrornas can up-regulate translation","volume":"318","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.007","article-title":"miR-328 functions as an RNA decoy to modulate hnRNP E2 regulation of mRNA translation in leukemic blasts","volume":"140","author":"Eiring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.7.16.6541","article-title":"Mechanistic principles of chromatin remodeling guided by siRNAs and miRNAs","volume":"7","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808830105","article-title":"MicroRNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03315","article-title":"Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs","volume":"433","author":"Lim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871","article-title":"The functions of animal microRNAs","volume":"431","author":"Ambros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07242","article-title":"The impact of microRNAs on protein output","volume":"455","author":"Baek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.089367.108","article-title":"New class of microRNA targets containing simultaneous 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR interaction sites","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307323101","article-title":"Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers","volume":"101","author":"Calin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050995","article-title":"A MicroRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"353","author":"Calin","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21639","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Novel regulators during the immune response","volume":"218","author":"Bi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasseu, M., Treton, X., Guichard, C., Pedruzzi, E., Cazals-Hatem, D., Richard, C., Aparicio, T., Daniel, F., Soule, J.C., and Moreau, R. (2010). Identification of restricted subsets of mature microRNA abnormally expressed in inactive colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013160"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.04.052","article-title":"Micro-RNA abundance and stability in human brain: Specific alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease temporal lobe neocortex","volume":"459","author":"Sethi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.163147","article-title":"Emerging role of microRNAs in cardiovascular biology","volume":"101","author":"Latronico","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22749","article-title":"Differential microRNA expression between hepatitis B and hepatitis C leading disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Ura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2007.01.005","article-title":"HBV-encoded microRNA candidate and its target","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.1.51-68.2000","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus biology","volume":"64","author":"Seeger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","article-title":"Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus","volume":"1","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/286533a0","article-title":"Presence of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in cellular DNA of human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"286","author":"Brechot","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206492","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-related insertional mutagenesis occurs frequently in human liver cancers and recurrently targets human telomerase gene","volume":"22","author":"Saigo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24195","article-title":"Modulation of hepatitis B virus replication and hepatocyte differentiation by MicroRNA-1","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080096","article-title":"Elevated expression of the miR-17-92 polycistron and miR-21 in hepadnavirus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma contributes to the malignant phenotype","volume":"173","author":"Connolly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23100","article-title":"Role of microRNA-155 at early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by choline-deficient and amino acid-defined diet in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, C., Hou, Z., Zhang, C., Tian, Z., and Zhang, J. (2011). Ectopic expression of microRNA-155 enhances innate antiviral immunity against HBV infection in human hepatoma cells. Virol. J., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-354"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24441","article-title":"MicroRNAs-372\/373 promote the expression of hepatitis B virus through the targeting of nuclear factor I\/B","volume":"54","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.12.071","article-title":"MicroRNA-501 promotes HBV replication by targeting HBXIP","volume":"430","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23922","article-title":"Micro-RNA profiling reveals a role for miR-29 in human and murine liver fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"Roderburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23660","article-title":"Down-regulated microRNA-152 induces aberrant DNA methylation in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.12.043","article-title":"Lethal-7 is down-regulated by the hepatitis B virus x protein and targets signal transducer and activator of transcription 3","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-187781","article-title":"A liver-specific microRNA binds to a highly conserved RNA sequence of hepatitis B virus and negatively regulates viral gene expression and replication","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr067","article-title":"Human microRNA hsa-miR-125a-5p interferes with expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen","volume":"39","author":"Potenza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2010.08.008","article-title":"Suppression of hepatitis B virus replication by microRNA-199a-3p and microRNA-210","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00809-6","article-title":"Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse","volume":"12","author":"Rauhut","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.019","article-title":"miR-122, a paradigm for the role of microRNAs in the liver","volume":"48","author":"Girard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113329","article-title":"Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific MicroRNA","volume":"309","author":"Jopling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.07.021","article-title":"miR-122-induced down-regulation of HO-1 negatively affects miR-122-mediated suppression of HBV","volume":"398","author":"Qiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, K., Han, C., Zhang, J., Lu, D., Dash, S., Feitelson, M., Lim, K., and Wu, T. (2013). Epigenetic regulation of miR-122 by PPARgamma and hepatitis B virus X protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hepatology.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26514"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908365106","article-title":"Nuclear HBx binds the HBV minichromosome and modifies the epigenetic regulation of cccDNA function","volume":"106","author":"Belloni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.001","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus replication is regulated by the acetylation status of hepatitis B virus cccDNA-bound H3 and H4 histones","volume":"130","author":"Pollicino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.20.6177","article-title":"Specific binding of a cellular DNA replication protein to the origin of replication of adenovirus DNA","volume":"80","author":"Nagata","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00205-13","article-title":"HBV X protein-induced aberrant epigenetic modifications contributing to human hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.f.209","article-title":"MicroRNAs: New regulators of immune cell development and function","volume":"9","author":"Baltimore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610731104","article-title":"MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response","volume":"104","author":"Taganov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5082","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5082","article-title":"Modulation of miR-155 and miR-125b levels following lipopolysaccharide\/TNF-alpha stimulation and their possible roles in regulating the response to endotoxin shock","volume":"179","author":"Tili","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23540","article-title":"Circulating microRNA-22 correlates with microRNA-122 and represents viral replication and liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"85","author":"Arataki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01536.x","article-title":"Serum microRNA-122 levels in different groups of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"19","author":"Waidmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2317-y","article-title":"Serum miR-18a: A potential marker for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma screening","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9798","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1001","article-title":"Serum microRNA profiles serve as novel biomarkers for HBV infection and diagnosis of HBV-positive hepatocarcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.2697","article-title":"Plasma microRNA panel to diagnose hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24504","article-title":"Intercellular nanovesicle-mediated microRNA transfer: A mechanism of environmental modulation of hepatocellular cancer cell growth","volume":"54","author":"Kogure","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58847","article-title":"IFN-alpha inhibits HBV transcription and replication in cell culture and in humanized mice by targeting the epigenetic regulation of the nuclear cccDNA minichromosome","volume":"122","author":"Belloni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6655","article-title":"Methylation mediated silencing of MicroRNA-1 gene and its role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis","volume":"68","author":"Datta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0523","article-title":"Association of MicroRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinomas with hepatitis infection, cirrhosis, and patient survival","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209283","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of microRNA expression patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-tumorous tissues","volume":"25","author":"Murakami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9628","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2352","article-title":"A polycistronic microRNA cluster, miR-17-92, is overexpressed in human lung cancers and enhances cell proliferation","volume":"65","author":"Hayashita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.3.866","article-title":"Hepatocarcinogenicity of the woodchuck hepatitis virus","volume":"84","author":"Popper","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03552","article-title":"A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene","volume":"435","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1200850","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus X gene potentiates c-myc-induced liver oncogenesis in transgenic mice","volume":"14","author":"Terradillos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23534","article-title":"c-Myc-mediated overexpression of miR-17-92 suppresses replication of hepatitis B virus in human hepatoma cells","volume":"85","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.03704.x","article-title":"Inflammation and liver cancer: new molecular links","volume":"1155","author":"Berasain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20982","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-122 in the rodent and human hepatocellular carcinomas","volume":"99","author":"Kutay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.014","article-title":"Quantification of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"1281","article-title":"miR-122 inhibits viral replication and cell proliferation in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and targets NDRG3","volume":"26","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00052-6","article-title":"Trends in mortality from primary liver cancer in Europe","volume":"36","author":"Lucchini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.04.021","article-title":"Therapeutic microRNA delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model","volume":"137","author":"Kota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/5\/11\/2690\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:50:27Z","timestamp":1760219427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/5\/11\/2690"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["v5112690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v5112690","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]}}}