{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:59:59Z","timestamp":1778543999239,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in blood represents a promising DNA damage response triggered by virus infection or trauma, tumor, etc. Hantavirus primarily causes two diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), depending on different Hantavirus species. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma cf-DNA levels in acute phase of HFRS, and to correlate plasma cf-DNA with disease severity and plasma Hanttan virus (HTNV) load. We observed the appearance of cf-DNA in 166 plasma samples from 76 HFRS patients: the plasma cf-DNA levels peaked at the hypotensive stage of HFRS, and then decreased gradually. Until the diuretic stage, there was no significant difference in plasma cf-DNA level between patients and the healthy control. Exclusively in the febrile\/hypotensive stage, the plasma cf-DNA levels of severe\/critical patients were higher than those of the mild\/moderate group. Moreover, the plasma cf-DNA value in the early stage of HFRS was correlated with HTNV load and disease severity. In most of the patients, plasma cf-DNA displayed a low-molecular weight appearance, corresponding to the size of apoptotic DNA. In conclusion, the plasma cf-DNA levels were dynamically elevated during HFRS, and correlated with disease severity, which suggests that plasma cf-DNA may be a potential biomarker for the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v6072723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T11:12:35Z","timestamp":1405422755000},"page":"2723-2734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Increased Plasma Cell-Free DNA Level during HTNV Infection: Correlation with Disease Severity and Virus Load"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"},{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University,  15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University,  15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University,  15 Changle West Rd, Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boquan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd,  Xi'an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3066","article-title":"Uncovering the mysteries of hantavirus infections","volume":"11","author":"Vaheri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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