{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:28:56Z","timestamp":1760243336884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also named Human herpesvirus 8 HHV-8) is the cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), the most common malignancy in HIV-infected individuals worldwide, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). KSHV is a double-stranded DNA virus that encodes several homologues of cellular proteins. The structural similarity between viral and host proteins explains why some viral homologues function as their host counterparts, but sometimes at unusual anatomical sites and inappropriate times. In other cases, structural modification in the viral proteins can suppress or override the function of the host homologue, contributing to KSHV-related diseases. For example, viral IL-6 (vIL-6) is sufficiently different from human IL-6 to activate gp130 signaling independent of the \u03b1 subunit. As a consequence, vIL-6 can activate many cell types that are unresponsive to cellular IL-6, contributing to MCD disease manifestations. Here, we discuss the molecular biology of KSHV homologues of cellular products as conduits of virus\/host interaction with a focus on identifying new strategies for therapy of KS and other KSHV-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v6093472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1411124582000},"page":"3472-3486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Contribution of Viral Mimics of Cellular Genes to KSHV  Infection and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Sakakibara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases,  Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita,  Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Tosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879","article-title":"Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"266","author":"Chang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505043321802","article-title":"Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas","volume":"332","author":"Cesarman","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. 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