{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:41:41Z","timestamp":1789440101655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37AI048793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AI048793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI033144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI033144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["AG034676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG034676"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Comprehensive evaluation of measles-specific humoral immunity after vaccination is important for determining new and\/or additional correlates of vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Methods: We used a novel proteome microarray technology and statistical modeling to identify factors and models associated with measles-specific functional protective immunity in 150 measles vaccine recipients representing the extremes of neutralizing antibody response after two vaccine doses. Results: Our findings demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies directed to the measles virus (MV) phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), as well as antibodies to the large polymerase (L) protein (fragment 1234 to 1900 AA). Antibodies to these proteins, in addition to anti-F antibodies (and, to a lesser extent, anti-H antibodies), were correlated with neutralizing antibody titer and\/or were associated with and predictive of neutralizing antibody response. Conclusion: Our results identify antibodies to specific measles virus proteins and statistical models for monitoring and assessment of measles-specific functional protective immunity in vaccinated individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v7031113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T10:59:09Z","timestamp":1425985149000},"page":"1113-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Profiling of Measles-Specific Humoral Immunity in Individuals Following Two Doses of MMR Vaccine Using Proteome Microarrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Iana","family":"Haralambieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Ovsyannikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Poland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Global control and regional elimination of measles, 2000\u20132012","volume":"63","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.094","article-title":"Moving forward with strengthening routine immunization delivery as part of measles and rubella elimination activities","volume":"31","author":"Fields","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420160048006","article-title":"Failure to reach the goal of measles elimination. Apparent paradox of measles infections in immunized persons","volume":"154","author":"Poland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000168383.93647.47","article-title":"Measles","volume":"18","author":"Elliman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"75","article-title":"Immunity against measles and rubella in Massachusetts schoolchildren","volume":"65","author":"Orenstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00017-6","article-title":"The association between HLA class I alleles and measles vaccine-induced antibody response: Evidence of a significant association","volume":"16","author":"Poland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"21","article-title":"Vaccine failures and vaccine effectiveness in children during measles outbreaks in New South Wales, March-May 2006","volume":"33","author":"Sheppeard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intel."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"153","article-title":"Measles outbreak-California, December 2014\u2013February 2015","volume":"64","author":"Zipprich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.014","article-title":"Waning immunity to measles in young adults and booster effects of revaccination in secondary school students","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03982.x","article-title":"Measles still spreads in Europe: Who is responsible for the failure to vaccinate?","volume":"18","author":"Lopalco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.085","article-title":"The re-emergence of measles in developed countries: Time to develop the next-generation measles vaccines?","volume":"30","author":"Poland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.06.088","article-title":"Measles and mumps outbreaks in the United States: solid think globally, vaccinate locally","volume":"32","author":"Whitaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.134","article-title":"The genetic basis for interindividual immune response variation to measles vaccine: New understanding and new vaccine approaches","volume":"12","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu105","article-title":"Outbreak of measles among persons with prior evidence of immunity, New York City, 2011","volume":"58","author":"Rosen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis439","article-title":"Higher risk of measles when the first dose of a 2-dose schedule of measles vaccine is given at 12\u201314 months versus 15 months of age","volume":"55","author":"Boulianne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.037","article-title":"A large observational study to concurrently assess persistence of measles specific B-cell and T-cell immunity in individuals following two doses of MMR vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540380070034","article-title":"Measles re-immunization in children seronegative after initial immunization","volume":"277","author":"Poland","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009588","article-title":"Explosive school-based measles outbreak: Intense exposure may have resulted in high risk, even among revaccinees","volume":"148","author":"Paunio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"119","article-title":"Identification of primary and secondary measles vaccine failures by measurement of immunoglobulin G avidity in measles cases during the 1997 Sao Paulo epidemic","volume":"11","author":"Pannuti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S549","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir106","article-title":"Laboratory characterization of measles virus infection in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals","volume":"204","author":"Hickman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.02.047","article-title":"Waning immunity and subclinical measles infections in England","volume":"22","author":"Glass","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009951","article-title":"Modeling the impact of subclinical measles transmission in vaccinated populations with waning immunity","volume":"150","author":"Mossong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir096","article-title":"Global eradication of measles: An epidemiologic and economic evaluation","volume":"204","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00008-08","article-title":"Development of a novel efficient fluorescence-based plaque reduction microneutralization assay for measles immunity","volume":"15","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-2-439","article-title":"Measles virus: Both the haemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins are required for fusion","volume":"72","author":"Wild","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.3.1493-1502.1993","article-title":"Cell fusion by the envelope glycoproteins of persistent measles viruses which caused lethal human brain disease","volume":"67","author":"Cattaneo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"59","article-title":"Measles virus glycoprotein complex assembly, receptor attachment, and cell entry","volume":"329","author":"Navaratnarajah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11547","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11547-11551.2005","article-title":"Relative contributions of measles virus hemagglutinin- and fusion protein-specific serum antibodies to virus neutralization","volume":"79","author":"Yuksel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.014944-0","article-title":"Depletion of measles virus glycoprotein-specific antibodies from human sera reveals genotype-specific neutralizing antibodies","volume":"90","author":"Yuksel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0118","article-title":"V and C proteins of measles virus function as virulence factors in vivo","volume":"267","author":"Patterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02630-08","article-title":"Mechanisms of protein kinase PKR-mediated amplification of beta interferon induction by C protein-deficient measles virus","volume":"84","author":"McAllister","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5359","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00169-08","article-title":"Attenuation of V- or C-defective measles viruses: Infection control by the inflammatory and interferon responses of rhesus monkeys","volume":"82","author":"Devaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21899","article-title":"Differential cellular immune responses to wild-type and attenuated edmonston tag measles virus strains are primarily defined by the viral phosphoprotein gene","volume":"82","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00528-3","article-title":"Measles virus V protein blocks interferon (IFN)-alpha\/beta but not IFN-gamma signaling by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation","volume":"545","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8124","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.10.8124-8132.1998","article-title":"Expression of measles virus V protein is associated with pathogenicity and control of viral RNA synthesis","volume":"72","author":"Tober","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408782102","article-title":"Profiling the humoral immune response to infection by using proteome microarrays: High-throughput vaccine and diagnostic antigen discovery","volume":"102","author":"Davies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.05.011","article-title":"High-throughput profiling of the humoral immune responses against thirteen human papillomavirus types by proteome microarrays","volume":"405","author":"Luevano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05194-11","article-title":"Discovery of potential diagnostic and vaccine antigens in herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 by proteome-wide antibody profiling","volume":"86","author":"Chun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2011.0051","article-title":"Associations between demographic variables and multiple measles-specific innate and cell-mediated immune responses after measles vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Umlauf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viral. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.025","article-title":"Multigenic control of measles vaccine immunity mediated by polymorphisms in measles receptor, innate pathway, and cytokine genes","volume":"30","author":"Kennedy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2012.06.004","article-title":"Response surface methodology to determine optimal measles-specific cytokine responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"382","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000331585","article-title":"The association of CD46, SLAM, and CD209 cellular receptor gene SNPs with variations in measles vaccine-induced immune responses\u2014A replication study and examination of novel polymorphisms","volume":"72","author":"Ovsyannikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Hered."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32834df186","article-title":"Effects of vitamin A and D receptor gene polymophisms\/haplotypes on immune responses to measles vaccine","volume":"22","author":"Ovsyannikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Genom."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.043","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in host antiviral genes: Associations with humoral and cellular immunity to measles vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.083","article-title":"Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in cytokine and cytokine receptor genes and immunity to measles vaccination","volume":"29","author":"Haralambieva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-0977-x","article-title":"The role of polymorphisms in toll-like receptors and their associated intracellular signaling genes in measles vaccine immunity","volume":"130","author":"Ovsyannikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.02.016","article-title":"Independence of measles-specific humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination","volume":"73","author":"Jacobson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Team, R.D.C. (2009). R: A Language for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.5.1036","article-title":"Measles antibody: Reevaluation of protective titers","volume":"162","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(81)90062-8","article-title":"Role of virus strain in conventional and enhanced measles plaque neutralization test","volume":"3","author":"Albrecht","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.4.811-815.1995","article-title":"Comparison of commercial enzyme immunoassay kits with plaque reduction neutralization test for detection of measles virus antibody","volume":"33","author":"Ratnam","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.08.001","article-title":"Measles immunity testing: Comparison of two measles IgG ELISAs with plaque reduction neutralisation assay","volume":"131","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.046","article-title":"Plaque reduction neutralization test for measles antibodies: Description of a standardised laboratory method for use in immunogenicity studies of aerosol vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.027","article-title":"Laboratory methods for assessing vaccine potency retained in aerosol outputs from nebulizers: Application to World Health Organization measles aerosol project","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00069-8","article-title":"Measurement of measles virus-specific neutralizing antibodies: Evaluation of the syncytium inhibition assay in comparison with the plaque reduction neutralization test","volume":"33","author":"Ward","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(97)02210-6","article-title":"An evaluation of nine commercial EIA kits for the detection of measles specific IgG","volume":"66","author":"Hesketh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402760312331","article-title":"Neutralizing B cell response in measles","volume":"15","author":"Bouche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Viral. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.3.294","article-title":"Persistence of measles antibodies after 2 doses of measles vaccine in a postelimination environment","volume":"161","author":"LeBaron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.074","article-title":"Comparison of plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) and measles virus-specific IgG ELISA for assessing immunogenicity of measles vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2007.01.001","article-title":"Development of a new neutralization test for measles virus","volume":"142","author":"Fujino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.11.035","article-title":"Incidence of mumps and immunity to measles, mumps and rubella among US military recruits, 2000\u20132004","volume":"26","author":"Eick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.021","article-title":"Measurement of antibody responses to Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and Dryvax((R)) using proteome microarrays and development of recombinant protein ELISAs","volume":"30","author":"Hermanson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082246","article-title":"Protein microarray analysis of antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum in western Kenyan highland sites with differing transmission levels","volume":"8","author":"Baum","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009080107","article-title":"Dynamic antibody responses to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome","volume":"107","author":"Salamon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.3.721-726.1998","article-title":"Immunosorbent assay based on recombinant hemagglutinin protein produced in a high-efficiency mammalian expression system for surveillance of measles immunity","volume":"36","author":"Bouche","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00073-1","article-title":"A simplified immunoassay based on measles virus recombinant hemagglutinin protein for testing the immune status of vaccinees","volume":"74","author":"Bouche","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-003-0159-9","article-title":"Immunodominant domains of the Measles virus hemagglutinin protein eliciting a neutralizing human B cell response","volume":"148","author":"Ertl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1550","article-title":"Global measles elimination","volume":"4","author":"Moss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7322","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.14.7322-7328.2002","article-title":"Modulating the function of the measles virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by insertion of green fluorescent protein into the open reading frame","volume":"76","author":"Duprex","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6878","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.325258","article-title":"Independent structural domains in paramyxovirus polymerase protein","volume":"287","author":"Dochow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.4.1020","article-title":"Comparison of measles virus-specific antibodies with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralizing functions","volume":"168","author":"Forthal","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00152-5","article-title":"In vitro reduction of virus infectivity by antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity","volume":"220","author":"Forthal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.1.111-113.2000","article-title":"Sex-associated differences in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody response to measles vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Atabani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/7\/3\/1113\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:43:19Z","timestamp":1760215399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/7\/3\/1113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v7031113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v7031113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]}}}