{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:05:33Z","timestamp":1782752733293,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016290","name":"The Cancer and Allergy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["150415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Swedish Cancer Foundation","award":["140662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140662"]}]},{"name":"The Stockholm Cancer Foundation","award":["121043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121043"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Stockholm City Council","award":["20140158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20140158"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2007, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 was recognized as a risk factor by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), where tonsillar and base of tongue cancer (TSCC and BOTSCC) dominate. Furthermore, patients with HPV-positive TSCC and BOTSCC, had a much better clinical outcome than those with corresponding HPV-negative cancer and other head and neck cancer. More specifically, survival was around 80% for HPV-positive TSCC and BOTSCC vs. 40% five-year disease free survival, for the corresponding HPV-negative tumors with conventional radiotherapy and surgery, while this could not be observed for HPV-positive OSCC at other sites. In addition, the past 20\u201340 years in many Western Countries, the incidence of HPV-positive TSCC and BOTSCC has risen, and &gt;70% are men. This has resulted in a relative increase of patients with HPV-positive TSCC and BOTSCC that may not need the intensified chemo-radiotherapy (with many more severe debilitating side effects) often given today to patients with head and neck cancer. However, before tapering therapy, one needs to enable selection of patients for such treatment, by identifying clinical and molecular markers that together with HPV-positive status will better predict patient prognosis and response to therapy. To conclude, there is a new increasing group of patients with HPV-positive TSCC and BOTSCC with good clinical outcome, where options for better-tailored therapy are needed. For prevention, it would be of benefit to vaccinate both girls and boys against HPV16 infection. For potential future screening the ways to do so need optimizing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v7031332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T11:31:36Z","timestamp":1426851096000},"page":"1332-1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Human Papillomavirus and Tonsillar and Base of Tongue Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Ramqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Gr\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Dalianis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IARC (1995). Human Papillomaviruses, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20490","article-title":"Human papillomavirus is more common in base of tongue than in mobile tongue cancer and is a favorable prognostic factor in base of tongue cancer patients","volume":"112","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(05)93002-9","article-title":"Presence and influence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in tonsillar cancer","volume":"93","author":"Dahlstrand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.9.709","article-title":"Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers","volume":"92","author":"Gillison","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"IARC (2007). Human Papillomaviruses, WHO."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus and survival in oropharyngeal cancer other than tonsil or base of tongue cancer","volume":"1","author":"Marklund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000520)89:3<300::AID-IJC14>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in tonsillar cancer: Clinical correlates, risk of relapse, and survival","volume":"89","author":"Mellin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24994","article-title":"The role of human papillomavirus in the increased incidence of base of tongue cancer","volume":"126","author":"Attner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2007.08.005","article-title":"Human papillomavirus is a favourable prognostic factor in tonsillar cancer and its oncogenic role is supported by the expression of e6 and e7","volume":"1","author":"Lindquist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2009.03.010","article-title":"Oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the netherlands between 1989 and 2006: Increasing incidence, but not in young adults","volume":"45","author":"Braakhuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.1713","article-title":"Incidence trends for human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomas in the united states","volume":"26","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4294","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.4596","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the united states","volume":"29","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.10.018","article-title":"Incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in united kingdom (1990\u20131999)\u2014Recent trends and regional variation","volume":"42","author":"Conway","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480601110170","article-title":"The incidence of tonsillar cancer in sweden is increasing","volume":"127","author":"Hammarstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22177","article-title":"Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for the increase in incidence of tonsillar cancer","volume":"119","author":"Hammarstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70017-6","article-title":"HPV-associated head and neck cancer: A virus-related cancer epidemic","volume":"11","author":"Marur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"150","article-title":"Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar carcinoma in stockholm, sweden: An epidemic of viral-induced carcinoma?","volume":"124","author":"Nasman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.100452","article-title":"Oropharyngeal cancer epidemic and human papillomavirus","volume":"16","author":"Ramqvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1515","article-title":"An epidemic of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and aspects of treatment and prevention","volume":"31","author":"Ramqvist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(02)00014-3","article-title":"Oropharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality in scotland: Are rates still increasing?","volume":"39","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22963","article-title":"Trends in head and neck cancer incidence in relation to smoking prevalence: An emerging epidemic of human papillomavirus-associated cancers?","volume":"110","author":"Sturgis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2013.11.002","article-title":"The human papillomavirus family and its role in carcinogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Tommasino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zur Hausen, H. (2006). Infections Causing Human Cancer, Wiley-VCH Verlag.","DOI":"10.1002\/3527609318"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2355","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer, the epidemics, and significance of additional clinical biomarkers for prediction of response to therapy (review)","volume":"44","author":"Dalianis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"IARC (2011). Iarc Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. A Review of Human Carcinogens. B. Biological Agents, WHO."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2011.584556","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in cervical cancer 2003\u20132008 in stockholm, sweden, before public HPV vaccination","volume":"50","author":"Du","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2013.07.003","article-title":"The prognostic significance of the biomarker p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Oguejiofor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22980","article-title":"A novel algorithm for reliable detection of human papillomavirus in paraffin embedded head and neck cancer specimen","volume":"121","author":"Smeets","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.7.7.997","article-title":"Vaccination, immune and gene therapy based on virus-like particles against viral infections and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Ramqvist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061741","article-title":"Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions","volume":"356","author":"Group","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60946-5","article-title":"Efficacy of a prophylactic adjuvanted bivalent l1 virus-like-particle vaccine against infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: An interim analysis of a phase iii double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Paavonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.964764","article-title":"Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in youth and cervical HPV prevalence in women attending a youth clinic in sweden, a follow up-study 2013\u20132014 after gradual introduction of public HPV vaccination","volume":"47","author":"Grun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68329","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068329","article-title":"Reduced prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 years after bivalent HPV vaccination in a randomized clinical trial in costa rica","volume":"8","author":"Herrero","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091761","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for oral HPV infection in young australians","volume":"9","author":"Antonsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2013.821626","article-title":"Oral human papillomavirus prevalence in high school students of one municipality in sweden","volume":"45","author":"Nordfors","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00129-9","article-title":"Cancer of the oropharynx","volume":"41","author":"Licitra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912217","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"363","author":"Ang","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11381","article-title":"Prevalence and physical status of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"107","author":"Koskinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"4375","article-title":"P16(ink4a) correlates to human papillomavirus presence, response to radiotherapy and clinical outcome in tonsillar carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Lindquist","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10669","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type 16 is episomal and a high viral load may be correlated to better prognosis in tonsillar cancer","volume":"102","author":"Mellin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11371","article-title":"Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of tonsillar cancer reveals a different pattern of genomic imbalances in human papillomavirus-positive and -negative tumors","volume":"107","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"2821","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and DNA ploidy in tonsillar cancer\u2014Correlation to prognosis","volume":"23","author":"Mellin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690523","article-title":"Hybrid capture II-based human papillomavirus detection, a sensitive test to detect in routine high-grade cervical lesions: A preliminary study on 1518 women","volume":"80","author":"Clavel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-4-1057","article-title":"The use of general primers gp5 and gp6 elongated at their 3' ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR","volume":"76","author":"Walboomers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.3020-3027.1998","article-title":"Genotyping of 27 human papillomavirus types by using L1 consensus PCR products by a single-hybridization, reverse line blot detection method","volume":"36","author":"Gravitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.504-512.2006","article-title":"Bead-based multiplex genotyping of human papillomaviruses","volume":"44","author":"Schmitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(93)90038-S","article-title":"Detection of cutaneous and genital HPV types in clinical samples by PCR using consensus primers","volume":"42","author":"Tieben","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.779-787.2002","article-title":"Gp5+\/6+ pcr followed by reverse line blot analysis enables rapid and high-throughput identification of human papillomavirus genotypes","volume":"40","author":"Pol","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.10.016","article-title":"Incidence of human papillomavirus positive tonsillar and base of tongue carcinoma: A stabilisation of an epidemic of viral induced carcinoma?","volume":"51","author":"Nasman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29254","article-title":"A high and increasing HPV prevalence in tonsillar cancers in eastern denmark, 2000\u20132010: The largest registry-based study to date","volume":"136","author":"Garnaes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2007.08.003","article-title":"High association of human papillomavirus infection with oral cancer: A case-control study","volume":"39","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1086\/597755","article-title":"Oral sexual behaviors associated with prevalent oral human papillomavirus infection","volume":"199","author":"Agrawal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110020801","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections in children: The potential role of maternal transmission","volume":"11","author":"Syrjanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"153","article-title":"Intense CD44 expression is a negative prognostic factor in tonsillar and base of tongue cancer","volume":"32","author":"Lindquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.87","article-title":"Expression of LRIG1 is associated with good prognosis and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"110","author":"Lindquist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77025","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077025","article-title":"HLA class I and II expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in relation to tumor HPV status and clinical outcome","volume":"8","author":"Nasman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27635","article-title":"MHC class I expression in HPV positive and negative tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in correlation to clinical outcome","volume":"132","author":"Nasman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.90","article-title":"Absent\/weak CD44 intensity and positive human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma indicates a very high survival","volume":"2","author":"Nasman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.11.010","article-title":"Cancer stem cell enrichment marker CD98: A prognostic factor for survival in patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"50","author":"Rietbergen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.11.002","article-title":"Reduced expression of the antigen processing machinery components TAP2, LMP2 and LMP7 in tonsillar and base of tongue cancer and implications for clinical outcome","volume":"8","author":"Tertipis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95624","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095624","article-title":"Correlation of lmp10 expression and clinical outcome in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and HPV-negative tonsillar and base of tongue cancer","volume":"9","author":"Tertipis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"2369","article-title":"Hla-a*02 in relation to outcome in human papillomavirus positive tonsillar and base of tongue cancer","volume":"34","author":"Tertipis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38711","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038711","article-title":"Tumor infiltrating CD8+ and Foxp3+ lymphocytes correlate to clinical outcome and human papillomavirus (HPV) status in tonsillar cancer","volume":"7","author":"Nasman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.03.019","article-title":"CD8+ and CD4+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in relation to human papillomavirus status and clinical outcome in tonsillar and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Nordfors","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3572","article-title":"Potentially prognostic mirnas in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Hui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.29","article-title":"Different mirna signatures of oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A prospective translational study","volume":"104","author":"Lajer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-116-29237","article-title":"Influence of thymectomy on tumor induction by polyoma virus in C57BL mice","volume":"116","author":"Miller","year":"1964","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.111731","article-title":"Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection among youth, Sweden","volume":"18","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181c94a3b","article-title":"Oral human papillomavirus in healthy individuals: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Kreimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0297","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections in the oral mucosa","volume":"142","author":"Rautava","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit799","article-title":"Prevalence of cervical and oral human papillomavirus infections among US women","volume":"209","author":"Steinau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.02.012","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence is high in oral samples of patients with tonsillar and base of tongue cancer","volume":"50","author":"Nordfors","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065497","article-title":"Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"356","author":"Kreimer","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang Kuhs, K.A., Anantharaman, D., Waterboer, T., Johansson, M., Brennan, P., Michel, A., Willhauck-Fleckenstein, M., Purdue, M.P., Holcatova, I., and Ahrens, W. (2015). Human papillomavirus 16 E6 antibodies in individuals without diagnosed cancer: A Pooled Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev.","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-1217"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0284","article-title":"Associations between oral HPV16 infection and cytopathology: Evaluation of an oropharyngeal \u201cpap-test equivalent\u201d in high-risk populations","volume":"4","author":"Fakhry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/7\/3\/1332\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:43:45Z","timestamp":1760215425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/7\/3\/1332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v7031332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v7031332","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]}}}